United States Patent 6,126,794 Chambers October 3, 2000 |
Abstract¿ä¾à
An apparatus for producing orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen. The apparatus includes a container holding water and at least one
pair of closely-spaced electrodes arranged within the container and submerged in the water. A first power supply provides a
particular first pulsed signal to the electrodes. A coil may also be arranged within the container and submerged in the water if the
production of parahydrogen is also required. A second power supply provides a second pulsed signal to the coil through a switch to
apply energy to the water. When the second power supply is disconnected from the coil by the to switch and only the electrodes
receive a pulsed signal, then orthohydrogen can be produced. When the second power supply is connected to the coil and both the
electrodes and coil receive pulsed signals, then the first and second pulsed signals can be controlled to produce parahydrogen. The
container is self-pressurized and the water within the container requires no chemical catalyst to efficiently produce the
orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen. Heat is not generated, and bubbles do not form on the electrodes.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¹°À» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê¿Í Àû¾îµµ ÇѽÖÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ±ÙÁ¢ÇÑ Àü±ØÀÌ ÄÜÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ³»ºÎÀÇ ¹°
¾Æ·¡ Àá°ÜÀÖ´Ù. ù ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Àü±Ø¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à Ⱦ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸé ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ÄÜÅ×À̳Ê
³»ºÎÀÇ ¹° ¼Ó¿¡ ÀåÂøµÇ°Ô µÈ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÖÁö ¾Ê°í Àü±Ø¸¸ÀÌ
ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é, Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¸ÀÌ »ý»êµÈ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ°í Àü±Ø°ú ÄÚÀÏ µÎ °³°¡ ¸ðµÎ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é, ù ¹øÂ°¿Í µÎ
¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â Ⱦ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ¹ß»ý·®À» Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀְԵȴÙ. ÄÜÅ×À̳ʴ ½º½º·Î °¡¾ÐµÇ¸ç, ³»ºÎÀÇ ¹°Àº Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۱â À§ÇØ
¾î¶°ÇÑ ÈÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦µµ ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù. ¿Àº ¹ß»ýµÇÁö ¾Ê°í, Àü±Ø¿¡´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¡Âø °Åǰµµ »ý¼ºµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Inventors: |
Chambers; Stephen Barrie (Alberta, CA) |
Assignee: |
Xogen Power Inc. (Calgary, CA) |
Appl. No.: |
105023 |
Filed: |
June 26, 1998 |
Current U.S. Class: |
204/230.5; 204/230.6; 204/230.7; 204/230.8; 204/270; 204/272; 204/278; 204/293; 204/DIG9 |
Intern'l Class: |
C25B 015/00; C25B 009/00; C25B 011/04 |
Field of Search: |
204/230.6,230.7,242,267,270,272,278,230.5,DIG. 9,230.8 |
References Cited [Referenced By]
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204/278. |
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Horvath. |
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204/129. |
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Themy |
204/278. |
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Stoner et al. |
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Jul., 1983 |
Puharich. |
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Dyer. |
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Ofenloch |
204/229. |
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Jul., 1988 |
Fremont et al. |
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Jan., 1989 |
Meyer |
204/278. |
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Apr., 1993 |
Sawamoto et al. |
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Apr., 1994 |
Hayakawa. |
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Jun., 1994 |
Erickson et al. |
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Dec., 1994 |
Hayakawa. |
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Mar., 1995 |
Nakamats. |
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Jul., 1995 |
Hayakawa. |
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Feb., 1997 |
Taylor et al. |
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Mar., 1997 |
Lubin et al. |
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May., 1997 |
Kucheroy |
204/278. |
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Dec., 1997 |
Held. |
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Dec., 1997 |
Wurzburger et al. |
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Foreign Patent Documents |
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0971886 |
Mar., 1997 |
JP. |
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9809001 |
Mar., 1998 |
WO. |
|
Primary Examiner: Valentine; Donald R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stoel Rives LLP
Claims
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ä¾à¼³¸í

FIG. 1 is a side view of a cell for producing orthohydrogen including a pair of electrodes according to a first embodiment of the
present invention;
±×¸² 1Àº ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ù ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸²2
FIG. 2 is a side view of a cell for producing orthohydrogen including two pairs of electrodes according to a second embodiment of
the present invention;
±×¸² 2´Â µÎ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â µÎ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸²3
FIG. 3 is a side view of a cell for producing orthohydrogen including a pair of cylindrical-shaped electrodes according to a third
embodiment of the present invention;
±×¸² 3Àº ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ ¿øÅëÇü Àü±ØÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù.

FIG. 4a is a diagram illustrating a square wave pulsed signal which can be produced by the circuit of FIG. 5 and applied to the
electrodes of FIGS. 1-3;
±×¸² 4a´Â ±×¸² 1~3¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ±×¸² 5ÀÇ ÆÞ½º¹ß»ýȸ·Î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ±¸Çü ÆÞ½ºÀÌ´Ù.
FIG. 4b is a diagram illustrating a saw tooth wave pulsed signal which can be produced by the circuit of FIG. 5 and applied to the
electrodes of FIGS. 1-3;
±×¸² 4b´Â ±×¸² 1~3¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ±×¸² 5ÀÇ ÆÞ½º¹ß»ýȸ·Î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø Åé´Ï ÆÞ½ºÀÌ´Ù.
FIG. 4c is a diagram illustrating a triangular wave pulsed signal which can be produced by the circuit of FIG. 5 and applied to the
electrodes of FIGS. 1-3;
±×¸² 4c´Â ±×¸² 1~3¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ±×¸² 5ÀÇ ÆÞ½º¹ß»ýȸ·Î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø »ï°¢ ÆÞ½ºÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸²5
FIG. 5 is an electronic circuit diagram illustrating a power supply which is connected to the electrodes of FIGS. 1-3;
±×¸² 5´Â ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³»ÁÖ´Â ÀüÀÚȸ·ÎµµÀÌ´Ù;
±×¸²6
FIG. 6 is a side view of a cell for producing at least parahydrogen including a coil and a pair of electrodes according to a fourth
embodiment of the present invention;
±×¸² 6Àº ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø°ú ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ³× ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù;
±×¸²7
FIG. 7 is a side view of a cell for producing at least parahydrogen including a coil and two pairs of electrodes according to a fifth
embodiment of the present invention;
±×¸² 7Àº µÎ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø°ú ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ´Ù¼¸ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù;
±×¸²8
FIG. 8 is a side view of a cell for producing at least parahydrogen including a coil and a pair of cylindrical-shaped electrodes
according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; and
±×¸² 8Àº ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ ¿øÅëÇü Àü±Ø°ú ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ¿©¼¸ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù;
±×¸²9
FIG. 9 is an electronic circuit diagram illustrating a power supply which is connected to the coil and electrodes of FIGS. 6-8.
±×¸² 9´Â ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ Àü±Ø°ú ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³»ÁÖ´Â ÀüÀÚȸ·ÎµµÀÌ´Ù.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼ºÎ¼³¸í
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention including a cell for producing hydrogen and oxygen. As will be discussed
below in conjunction with FIGS. 6-8,
±×¸² 1Àº ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸² 6~8°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ù ¹øÂ° ÀåÄ¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
the production of parahydrogen requires an additional coil not shown in FIG. 1. Thus, the hydrogen produced by the first
embodiment of FIG. 1 is orthohydrogen.
Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۱â À§Çؼ´Â ±×¸² 1¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾ÊÀº Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÄÚÀÏÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×¸² 1ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¼ö¼Ò´Â
Á¤¼ö¼ÒÀÌ´Ù.
The cell includes a closed container 111 which is closed at its bottom portion by threaded plastic base 113 and screw thread base
109. The container 111 can be made of, for example, plexiglass and have an exemplary height of 43 cm and an exemplary width of 9
cm. The container 111 holds tap water 110 therein.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¹Ù´ÚÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ÇÃ¶ó½ºÆ½ 113¿Í 109, ¹ÐÆóµÈ ¿ë±â 111À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ¿ë±â 111Àº °ÈÀ¯¸®µîÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÃßõµÇ´Â
½ºÆåÀº ³ôÀÌ 43cm, Æø 9cmÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ë±â´Â ±× ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¹° 110À» ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
The cell further includes a pressure gauge 103 to measure the pressure within the container 111. An outlet valve 102 is connected
to the top of the container 111 to permit any gas within the container 111 to escape into an output tube 101.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¿ë±â ³»ºÎÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÃøÁ¤À» À§Çؼ ¾Ð·Â°è 103À» Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Ãⱸ¹ëºê 102°¡ ¿ë±â 111¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ¿ë±â ³»ºÎÀÇ °¡½º¸¦
¹èÃâ°ü 101À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ³»º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
The cell also includes a pop valve 106 connected to a base 113. The pop valve 106 provides a safety function by automatically
releasing the pressure within the container 111 if the pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold. For example, the pop valve 106
may be set so that it will open if the pressure in the container exceeds 75 p.s.i. Since the container 111 is built to withstand a
pressure of about 200 p.s.i., the cell is provided with a large safety margin.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¶Ç ¹Ì¸® ¼³Á¤µÈ ÀÓ°è¾Ð·ÂÀÌ ÃʰúµÉ °æ¿ì ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ¹èÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾ÈÀü¹ëºê 106ÀÌ ¹Þħ 113¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦
µé¾î, ¿ë±â 111Àº ¾à 200 psiÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» °ßµô ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ °®°í, ¾ÈÀü¹ëºê´Â ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ 75 psi¸¦ ÃʰúÇÒ ¶§ ¿¸®µµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇØ ³õÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¸¹Àº ¾ÈÀü ¸¶ÁøÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
A pair of electrodes 105a, 105b are arranged within the container 111. The electrodes 105a, 105b are submerged under the top level
of the water 110 and define an interaction zone 112 therebetween. The electrodes 105a, 105b are preferably made of the same
material, such as stainless steel.
ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø 105a¿Í 105b°¡ ¿ë±â 111 ³»¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b´Â ¹° 110ÀÇ ¼ö¸é ¹Ù·Î ¾Æ·¡ Àá°Ü¼ ¾ç Àü±Ø »çÀÌ¿¡
»óÈ£Àۿ뱸¿ª 112¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b´Â ½ºÅ×Àη¹½º°µîÀÇ µ¿ÀÏ ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.
In order to produce an optimal amount of hydrogen and oxygen, an equal spacing between the electrodes 105a, 105b must be
maintained. Moreover, it is preferable to minimize the spacing between the electrodes 105a, 105b. However, the spacing between the
electrodes 105a, 105 cannot be positioned excessively close because arcing between the electrodes 105a, 105b would occur. It has
been determined that a spacing of 1 mm is optimal spacing for producing hydrogen and oxygen. Spacing up to 5 mm can work
effectively, but spacing above 5 mm has not worked well, except with excessive power.
ÀûÀýÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۱â À§ÇØ Àü±Ø 105a¿Í 105b »çÀÌÀÇ °£°ÝÀº Ç×»ó µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b
»çÀÌÀÇ °£°ÝÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÈ ½Ãų¼ö·Ï ÁÁ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, °£°ÝÀÌ ³Ê¹« Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô °¡±î¿ï °æ¿ì´Â ¾ÆÅ©¹æÀüÀÌ ¹ß»ýµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÇèÀû °á·ÐÀº µÎ Àü±Ø°£
°£°ÝÀÌ 1 mm °¡ °¡Àå ÁÁ°í 5 mm ±îÁö È¿°úÀûÀÎ °¡½º¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ 5 mm ÀÌ»óÀÏ °æ¿ì ´õ ¸¹Àº ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Á¦´ë·Î
ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Hydrogen and oxygen gas outputted through output tube 101 can be transmitted by tube 101 to a device 120 using those gases, for
example an internal combustion engine, such as shown in FIG. 1. Instead of an internal combustion engine, device 120 may be any
device using hydrogen and oxygen, including a reciprocating piston engine, a gas turbine engine, a stove, a heater, a furnace, a
distillation unit, a water purification unit, a hydrogen/oxygen jet, or other device using the gases. With an adequately productive
example of the present invention, any such device 120 using the output gases can be run continuously without the need for storing
dangerous hydrogen and oxygen gases.
Ãⱸ°ü 101À» ÅëÇØ ºüÁ®³ª°¡´Â ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò°¡½º´Â ÀÌ °¡½º¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³»¿¬±â°üÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡ 120¿¡µµ º¸³»¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡¿¡´Â ³»¿¬±â°ü ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¿Õº¹ÇǽºÅæ¿£Áø, °¡½ºÅͺó¿£Áø, ½ºÅäºê, È÷ÅÍ, ¿ë±¤·Î, Áõ·ù±â, Á¤¼ö±â, ¼ö¼Ò/»ê¼Ò Á¦Æ®µî ¹ß»ýµÈ °¡½º¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡¿¡µµ À§ÇèÇÑ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼ÒÀÇ ÃàÀû¾øÀÌ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÀÛµ¿À» ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention which includes more than one pair of electrodes 205a-d. The spacing
between the electrodes is less than 5 mm as in the embodiment of FIG. 1. While FIG. 2 shows only one additional pair of electrodes,
it is possible to include many more pairs (e.g.,as many as 40 pairs of electrodes) within the cell. The rest of the cell illustrated in
FIG. 2 remains the same as that illustrated in FIG. 1. The multiple electrodes are preferably flat plates closely spaced, parallel to
each other.
±×¸² 2´Â ÇÑ ½Ö ÀÌ»óÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â µÎ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 1ÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Àü±ØÀÇ °£°ÝÀº 5 mm
¹Ì¸¸À̸ç, ±×¸² 2´Â ´ÜÁö ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀÌ Ãß°¡µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ´õ ¸¹Àº ½Ö ( 40½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø±îÁöµµ )ÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â
±×¸² 1°ú µ¿ÀÏÇϸç, ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ÆòÆÇ Àü±ØÀº ¼·Î ÃæºÐÈ÷ °¡±î¿ö¾ß Çϰí, ÆòÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
FIG. 3 illustrates a cell having a cylindrically shaped electrodes 305a, 305b. The outer electrode 305b surrounds the coaxially aligned
inner electrode 305a. The equal spacing of the electrodes 305a, 305b is less than 5 mm and the interactive zone is coaxially arranged
between the two electrodes 305a, 305b. While FIG. 3 illustrates the top portion of the container 111 being formed by a plastic cap
301, it will be appreciated to those skill in the art that the cap 301 may be used in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-2 and the
embodiment of FIG. 3 can utilize the same container 111 illustrated in FIGS. 1-2. As suggested by FIG. 3, the electrodes can be
almost any shape such as flat plates, rods, tubes or coaxial cylinders.
±×¸² 3Àº 305a, 305bÀÇ ¿øÅëÇü ¸ð¾çÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ù±ùÂÊ Àü±Ø 305b´Â ¾ÈÂÊ Àü±Ø 305a¿Í µ¿ÃàÀ» °¡Áö°í ¾ÈÂÊ Àü±ØÀ» °¨½Î°í
ÀÖ´Ù. »óÈ£Àۿ뱸¿ªÀº 5 mm ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î µ¿½É¿ø ÇüÅ·ΠÀü±Ø 305a¿Í 305bÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 3Àº ÇÃ¶ó½ºÆ½ ¶Ñ²± 301À»
°¡Áø ¿ë±â 111À» º¸¿©Áִµ¥, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¶Ñ²±À» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¿ë±â´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ±×¸² 1~2ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¸² 3¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ¿ë±â´Â
±×¸² 1~2¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ¿ë±â 111À» ±×´ë·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 3¿¡¼ Á¦¾ÈµÈ ´ë·Î, Àü±ØÀÇ ÇüÅ´ ÆòÆÇÇü, ¸·´ë±âÇü, ¶Ç´Â µ¿½É¿øÅëÇüµî
¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ¶óµµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
The electrodes 105a, 105b of FIG. 1 (or electrodes 205a-d of FIG. 2 or electrodes 305a, 305b of FIG. 3) are respectively connected
to power supply terminals 108a, 108b so that they can receive a pulsed electrical signal from a power supply. The pulsed signal can
be almost any waveform and have a variable current level, voltage level, frequency and mark-space ratio (i.e., a ratio of the duration
of a single pulse to the interval between two successive pulses). For example, the power supply providing power to the electrodes
can be a mains 110 volts to a 12 volt supply or a car battery.
±×¸² 1ÀÇ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b´Â ( ¶Ç´Â ±×¸² 2ÀÇ Àü±Ø 205a-d ¶Ç´Â ±×¸² 3ÀÇ Àü±Ø 305a, 305b ) ÆÄ¿ö°ø±Þ Å͹̳ÎÀÎ 108a, 108b¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î
Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Àü±âÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÆÄÇüÀÌ¶óµµ °¡´ÉÇϸç, ¿©·¯ °¡Áö °ªÀÇ Àü·ù, Àü¾Ð, Á֯ļö,
±×¸®°í µàƼºñ(ÀÎÁ¢ÇÏ´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ÆÞ½º »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÇϳªÀÇ ´ÜÀÏÆÞ½º°¡ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£)¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é, Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â Àü¿øÀº
110 º¼Æ®¿¡¼ 12 º¼Æ®, ¶Ç´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¹åµ¥¸®µîÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
FIG. 4a, FIG. 4b and FIG. 4c illustrate a square wave, a saw tooth wave and a triangular wave, respectively which can be applied to
the electrodes 105a, 105b (or 205a-d or 305a, 305b) in accordance with the present invention. Each of the waveforms illustrated in
FIGS. 4a-4c has a 1:1 mark-space ratio. As shown in FIG. 4b, the saw tooth wave will only reach a peak voltage at the end of the
pulse duration. As shown in FIG. 4c, the triangular wave has a low peak voltage. It has been found that optimal results for producing
hydrogen and oxygen in the present invention are obtained using a square wave.
±×¸² 4a, 4b, 4c´Â °¢°¢ ½ºÄù¾î¿þÀ̺ê, Åé´ÏÆÄ, »ï°¢ÆÄ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ¸ç, À̰ÍÀº Àü±Ø 105a, 105b ( ¶Ç´Â Àü±Ø 205a-d ¶Ç´Â 305a, 305b ) ¿¡
Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸²¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÆÄÇüÀº 1:1 ÀÇ µàƼºñ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 4b¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ Åé´ÏÆÄÇüÀº ÆÞ½ºÁÖ±âÀÇ ³¡¿¡¼
ÇÇÅ©Àü¾Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸² 4c¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ »ï°¢ÆÄÇüÀº ³·Àº ÇÇÅ©Àü¾ÐÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÇè°á°ú·Î´Â ½ºÄù¾î¿þÀ̺긦 »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ °¡Àå
ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
After initiation of the pulsed signal from the power supply, the electrodes 105a, 105b continuously and almost instantaneously
generate hydrogen and oxygen bubbles from the water 110 in the interaction zone 112. Moreover, the bubbles can be generated with
only minimal heating of the water 110 or any other part of the cell. These bubbles rise through the water 110 and collect in the
upper portion of the container 111.
Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ °¡Çϸé, Àü±Ø 105a, 105b´Â °ÅÀÇ ¼ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹° 110 ³»ÀÇ »óÈ£Àۿ뱸¿ª 112·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼ÒÀÇ ±âÆ÷¸¦ °è¼Ó
¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ´õÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ ±âÆ÷µéÀº ¹° 110À̳ª ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐÀ» °ÅÀÇ °¡¿½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê°í ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±âÆ÷µéÀº ¹° 110À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºüÁ®³ª¿Í
¿ë±â 111ÀÇ ÀºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ¸ð¾ÆÁø´Ù.
The generated bubbles are not bunched around or on the electrodes 105a, 105b and thus readily float to the surface of the water
110. Therefore, there is no need to add a chemical catalyst to assist the conduction of the solution or reduce the bubble bunching
around or on the electrodes 105a, 105b. Thus, only tap water is needed for generation of the hydrogen and oxygen in the present
invention.
¹ß»ýµÈ ±âÆ÷µéÀº Àü±Ø 105a, 105bÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ ´Þ¶óºÙ°Å³ª ºÎ±Ù¿¡ ´Ù¹ß·Î ¸ðÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ½±°Ô ¹° 110ÀÇ Ç¥¸éÀ¸·Î ¶°¿À¸¥´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¿ëÇØ¸¦ µ½±âÀ§ÇØ, ¶Ç´Â Àü±ØÇ¥¸éÀ̳ª ºÎ±Ù¿¡ ´Ù¹ß·Î Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ±âÆ÷¸¦ °¨¼Ò½Ã۱âÀ§ÇÑ ÈÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ
ÀåÄ¡´Â ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۱â À§ÇØ ¹° ÀÚü¸¸ ÀÖÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù.
The gases produced within the container are self-pressurizing (i.e.,pressure builds in the container by the production of gas, without
an air pump). Thus, no additional pump is needed to be coupled to the container 111 and the produced gases do no need to be
transported into a pressurized container.
¿ë±â ³»¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýµÈ °¡½º´Â ÀÚü °¡¾ÐµÈ´Ù ( °ø±âÆßÇÁ¾øÀÌ °¡½ºÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿ë±â ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù ). ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¿ë±â 111°ú
¿¬°áµÈ ¾î¶² Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÆßÇÁµµ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø°í ¹ß»ýµÈ °¡½º´Â º°µµÀÇ °¡¾ÐµÈ ¿ë±â·Î º¸³»¾îÁÙ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù.
The power supply in the present invention is required to provide a pulsed signal having only 12 volts at 300 ma (3.6 watts). It has
been found that an optimal amount of hydrogen and oxygen has been produced when the pulsed signal has mark-space ratio of 10:1
and a frequency of 10-250 KHz. Using these parameters, the prototype cell of the present invention is capable of producing gas at
the rate of 1 p.s.i. per minute. Accordingly, the cell of the present invention is capable of producing hydrogen and oxygen in a highly
efficient manner, quickly and with low power requirements.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÖ±âÀ§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Àü±â´Â 12 volts, 300 ma (3.6 watt)¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. ½ÇÇè°á°ú ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ µàƼºñ 10:1, Á֯ļö
10-250 KHz¸¦ °¡Áú ¶§ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò°¡ ¹ß»ýµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦Ç°Àº ºÐ´ç 1 psiÀÇ
°¡½º¹ß»ý·üÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀº ÀÛÀº ÀԷ¿¡³ÊÁö·Î ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¸Å¿ì ºü¸£°Ô °íÈ¿À²·Î ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
As noted above, the hydrogen produced by the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3 is orthohydrogen. As is well understood by those skilled
in the art, orthohydrogen is highly combustible. Therefore, any orthohydrogen produced can be transported from the container 111
through valve 102 and outlet tube 101 to be used by a device such as an internal combustion engine.
À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¼ö¼Ò´Â Á¤¼ö¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¼÷·ÃÀÚ´Â ÀÌ¹Ì Àß ÀÌÇØÇϰí ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸, Á¤¼ö¼Ò´Â
³ôÀº ¿¬¼ÒƯ¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¹ß»ýµÈ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¤¼ö¼Òµµ ¿ë±â 111¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ ¹ëºê 102¿Í ¹èÃâ°ü 101À» ÅëÇØ ³»¿¬±â°ü°ú °°Àº
µ¿·ÂÀåÄ¡¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
The present invention, with sufficient electrodes, can generate hydrogen and oxygen fast enough to feed the gases directly into an
internal combustion engine or turbine engine, and run the engine continuously without accumulation and storage of the gases.
Hence, this provides for the first time a hydrogen/oxygen driven engine that is safe because it requires no storage of hydrogen or
oxygen gas.
ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀº, ³Ë³ËÇÑ Àü±ØÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÃæºÐÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ °ð¹Ù·Î ³»¿¬±â°üÀ̳ª Åͺó¿£Áøµî¿¡ °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, °¡½ºÀÇ ÃàÀû¾øÀÌ
¿£ÁøÀ» Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, À̰ÍÀº ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò ÀúÀåÅÊÅ©°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¿£ÁøÀ» µ¹¸± ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary power supply for providing D.C. pulsed signals such as those illustrated in FIGS. 4a-4c to the
electrodes illustrated in FIGS. 1-3. As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, any other power supply which is capable
of providing the pulsed signals discussed above can be substituted therefor.
±×¸² 5´Â ±×¸² 4a-4cÀÇ Á÷·ùÆÞ½ºÆÄÇüÀ» ±×¸² 1-3ÀÇ Àü±Ø¿¡ °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â ¸ð¹üȸ·ÎµµÀÌ´Ù. °ü·Ã ¼÷·ÃÀÚ´Â ½±°Ô ÀÌÇØÇϰÚÁö¸¸, À§¿¡¼ ³íÀǵÈ
ÆÄÇüÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ È¸·ÎÇüŵµ À̰ÍÀ» ´ëüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
The power supply illustrated in FIG. 5 includes the following parts and their exemplary components or values:
±×¸² 5¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ ȸ·Îµµ´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ºÎǰÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

______________________________________
Astable circuit NE555 or equivalent logic circuit
______________________________________
Resistor R2 10K
Resistor R3 10K
Resistor R4 10K
Resistor R5 2.7K
Resistor R6 2.7K
Transistor TR1 2N3904
Transistor TR2 2N3904
Transistor TR3 2N3055 or any high speed, high
current silicon switch
Diode D2 1N4007
Capacitors (not shown) Vcc by-pass capacitors as required.
______________________________________
The astable circuit is connected to the base of transistor TR1 through resistor R2. The collector of transistor TR1 is connected to
voltage supply Vcc through resistor R5 and the base of transistor TR2 through resistor R3. The collector of transistor TR2 is
connected to voltage supply Vcc through resistor R6 and the base of transistor TR3 through resistor R4. The collector of transistor
TR3 is connect to one of the electrodes of the cell and diode D2. The emitters of transistors TR1, TR2, TR3 are connected to
ground. Resistors R5 and R6 serve as collector loads for transistors TR1 and TR2, respectively. The cell serves as the collector
load for transistor TR3. Resistors R2, R3 and R4 serve to respectively ensure that transistors TR1, TR2 and TR3 are saturated.
The diode D2 protects the rest of the circuit from any induced back emf within the cell.
ÀÌ È¸·Î´Â ÀúÇ× R2¸¦ ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â ÀúÇ× R5¸¦ ÅëÇØ Àü¾Ð Vcc¿Í
¿¬°áµÇ°í ÀúÇ× R3¸¦ ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2ÀÇ º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â ÀúÇ× R6¸¦ ÅëÇØ Vcc¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ°í
ÀúÇ× R4¸¦ ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3ÀÇ º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Àü±Ø°ú ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå D2¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù.
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1, TR2, TR3ÀÇ ¿¡¹ÌÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â Á¢ÁöµÈ´Ù. ÀúÇ× R5¿Í R6´Â Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1°ú TR2ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅͺÎÇÏ·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ ºÎÇÏ·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀúÇ× R2, R3, R4´Â °¢°¢ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1, TR2, TR3 ÀÇ Æ÷ȿ뷮À» Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå
D2´Â ȸ·Î³»ÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹ß»ý°¡´ÉÇÑ ¿ª±âÀü·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¸ÓÁö ȸ·Î¸¦ º¸È£ÇÑ´Ù.
The astable circuit is used to generate a pulse train at a specific time and with a specific mark-space ratio. This pulse train is
provided to the base of transistor TR1 through resistor R2. Transistor TR1 operates as an invert switch. Thus, when the astable
circuit produces an output pulse, the base voltage of the transistor TR1 goes high (i.e.,close to Vcc or logic 1). Hence, the voltage
level of the collector of transistor TR1 goes low (i.e.,close to ground or logic 0).
ÀÌ È¸·Î´Â ƯÁ¤ÀÇ µàƼºñ¸¦ °®´Â ÆÞ½º¿Â÷¸¦ ÀÏÁ¤½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ¹ß»ý½Ã۴µ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÞ½º¿Â÷´Â ÀúÇ× R2¸¦ ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ
º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ·Î °ø±ÞµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1Àº ÀιöÅͽºÀ§Ä¡·Î½á ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ȸ·Î°¡ output ÆÞ½º¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۸é,Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ
º£À̽º Àü¾ÐÀº ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù ( Vcc·Î ¿¬°á, ¶Ç´Â logic 1). ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1 Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚÀÇ voltage levelÀº ³·¾ÆÁø´Ù (Á¢Áö·Î ¿¬°á,
¶Ç´Â logic 0).
Transistor TR2 also operates as an inverter. When the collector voltage of transistor TR1 goes low, the base voltage of transistor
TR2 also goes low and transistor TR2 turns off. Hence, the collector voltage of transistor TR2 and the base voltage of Transistor
TR3 go high. Therefore, the transistor TR3 turns on in accordance with the mark-space ratio set forth by the astable circuit. When
the transistor TR3 is on, one electrode of the cell is connected to Vcc and the other is connected to ground through transistor TR3.
Thus, the transistor TR3 can be turned on (and off) and therefore the transistor TR3 effectively serves as a power switch for the
electrodes of the cell.
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2 ¿ª½Ã ÀιöÅͷνá ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1 Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚÀÇ Àü¾ÐÀÌ ³·¾ÆÁö¸é, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2ÀÇ º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ Àü¾Ð ¶ÇÇÑ
³·¾ÆÁö°í Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2´Â offµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍÀü¾Ð°ú Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3ÀÇ º£À̽ºÀü¾ÐÀº ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î,
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3´Â ÀÌȸ·ÎÀÇ µàƼºñ ¼ÂÆÃ¿¡ µû¶ó on µÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3°¡ on µÇ¸é, ÇϳªÀÇ Àü±ØÀÌ Vcc¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ°í ´Ù¸¥ ÇϳªÀÇ
Àü±ØÀº Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3¸¦ ÅëÇØ Á¢Áö¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3´Â on°ú off¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3´Â
Àü±Ø¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÆÄ¿ö½ºÀ§Ä¡·Î½áÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
FIGS. 6-8 illustrate additional embodiments of the cell which are similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3, respectively. However,
each of embodiments of FIGS. 6-8 further includes a coil 104 arranged above the electrodes and power supply terminals 107
connected to the coil 104. The dimensions of the coil 104 can be, for example, 5.times.7 cm and have, for example, 1500 turns. The
coil 104 is submerged under the surface of the water 110.
±×¸² 6~8Àº °¢°¢ ±×¸² 1~3°ú À¯»çÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â Àü±ØÀÇ ÀºÎºÐ¿¡
ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏ 104¿Í ÄÚÀÏ 104¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ Àü¿ø°ø±Þ´ÜÀÚ 107À» Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÄÚÀÏÀÇ ±Ô°ÝÀº ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î 5 * 7 cm, Åϼö´Â 1500 À» °¡Áú ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÄÚÀÏ 104´Â ¹° 110ÀÇ ¼ö¸é ¾Æ·¡ Àá±ä´Ù.
The embodiments of FIGS. 6-8 further include an optional switch 121 which can be switched on or off by the user. When the switch
121 is not closed, then the cell forms basically the same structure as FIGS. 1-3 and thus can be operated in the same manner
described in FIGS. 1-3 to produce orthohydrogen and oxygen. When the switch 121 is closed, the additional coil 104 makes the cell
capable of producing oxygen and either (1) parahydrogen or (2) a mixture of parahydrogen and orthohydrogen.
±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ Çʿ信 µû¶ó on/off ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½ºÀ§Ä¡ 121À» Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ºÀ§Ä¡ 121ÀÌ ¿·ÁÀÖÀ¸¸é, ÀåÄ¡´Â
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í ¶È°°Àº ÇüŰ¡ µÇ°í, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í ¶È°°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿À»
ÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÀ§Ä¡ 121ÀÌ ´ÝÈ÷¸é, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÄÚÀÏ 104°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ¿© »ê¼Ò¿Í (1) Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò, ¶Ç´Â »ê¼Ò¿Í (2) Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¿Í Á¤¼ö¼ÒÀÇ È¥Çձ⸦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù.
When the switch 121 is closed (or not included), the coil 104 is connected through terminals 106 and the switch 121 (or directly
connected only through terminals 106) to a power supply so that the coil 104 can a receive a pulsed signal. As will be discussed
below, this power supply can be formed by the circuit illustrated in FIG. 9.
½ºÀ§Ä¡ 121ÀÌ ´ÝÈ÷¸é, ÄÚÀÏ 104´Â ´ÜÀÚ 106°ú ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÄÚÀÏÀº ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ¼³¸íµÈ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ÀÌ Àü¿ø°ø±Þȸ·Î´Â ±×¸²
9¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÀÖ´Â ÇüŰ¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
When the coil 104 and the electrodes 105a, 105b receive pulses, it is possible to produce bubbles of parahydrogen or a mixture of
parahydrogen and orthohydrogen. The bubbles are formed and float to the surface of the water 110 as discussed in FIGS. 1-3.
When the coil is pulsed with a higher current, a greater amount of parahydrogen is produced. Moreover, by varying the voltage of
the coil 104, a greater/lesser percentage of orthohydrogen/parahydrogen can be produced. Thus, by controlling the voltage level,
current level and frequency (discussed below) provided to the coil 104 (and the parameters such as voltage level, current level,
frequency, mark-space ratio and waveform provided to the electrodes 105a, 105b as discussed above) the composition of the gas
produced by the cell can be controlled. For example, it is possible to produce only oxygen and orthohydrogen by simply
disconnecting the coil 104. It is also possible to produce only oxygen and parahydrogen by providing the appropriate pulsed signals
to the coil 104 and the electrodes 105a, 105b. All of the benefits and results discussed in connection with the embodiments of FIGS.
1-3 are equally derived from the embodiments of FIGS. 6-8. For example, the cells of FIGS. 6-8 are self-pressurizing, require
no-chemical catalyst, do not greatly heat the water 110 or cell, and produce a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen gases from a
modest amount of input power, without bubbles on the electrodes.
ÄÚÀÏ 104¿Í Àü±Ø 105a, 105b°¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é, Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò ¶Ç´Â Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¿Í Á¤¼ö¼ÒÀÇ È¥ÇÕ±âÆ÷¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±âÆ÷´Â ±×¸² 1~3¿¡
¼³¸íÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹° 110ÀÇ ¼ö¸é À§·Î ¶°¿À¸¥´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÄÚÀÏÀÌ ´õ ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ Àü·ù·Î ÆÞ½º¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é, ´õ ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò°¡ ¹ß»ýµÈ´Ù.
´õÇÏ¿©, ÄÚÀÏ 104¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â Àü¾ÐÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Á¤¼ö¼Ò/Ⱦ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ºñÀ²À» Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ÄÚÀÏ 104¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â Àü¾Ð°ú
Àü·ù, Á֯ļö (¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ ¼³¸íµÊ)¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¶Ç´Â À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â Àü¾Ð, Àü·ù, Á֯ļö, µàƼºñ¿Í ÆÄÇüÀ»
Á¶ÀýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â °¡½ºÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ÄÚÀÏ 104¸¦ ºÐ¸®ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´Ü¼øÈ÷ »ê¼Ò¿Í Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¸À» »ý»êÇÒ ¼öµµ
ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÄÚÀÏ 104¿Í Àü±Ø 105a,105b¿¡ °¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á »ê¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¸À» »ý»êÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡¼
¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç À̵æ°ú °á°ú´Â ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ ±¸Á¶·Î ºÎÅ͵µ ¶È°°ÀÌ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é, ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â ½º½º·Î °¡¾ÐµÇ°í,
ÈÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¹°°ú ÀåÄ¡¿¡ Å« ¿À» ¹ß»ý½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê°í, Àü±Ø¿¡ ´Þ¶óºÙ´Â ±âÆ÷¾øÀÌ ÀÛÀº ÆÄ¿ö·Î ´ë¿ë·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦
¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
A considerable amount of time must pass before the next pulse provides current to the coil 104. Hence, the frequency of the pulsed
signal is much lower than that provided to the electrodes 105a, 105b. Accordingly, with the type of coil 104 having the dimensions
described above, the frequency of pulsed signals can be as high as 30 Hz, but is preferably 17-22 Hz to obtain optimal results.
ÄÚÀÏ 104¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â ÆÞ½º»çÀÌ¿¡ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£°£°ÝÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ Á֯ļö´Â Àü±Ø 105a, 105b¿¡
°¡ÇØÁö´Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ³·´Ù. µû¶ó¼, À§¿¡ ¼³¸íÇÑ ÄÚÀÏ 104ÀÇ ±Ô°Ý°ú ÇÔ²², ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ Á֯ļö´Â 30 Hz±îÁö °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀûÀýÇÑ
°á°ú¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ´Â 17-22 Hz°¡ ¾Ë¸Â´Ù.
Parahydrogen is not as highly combustible as orthohydrogen and hence is a slower burning form of hydrogen. Thus, if
parahydrogen is produced by the cell, the parahydrogen can be coupled to a suitable device such as a cooker or a furnace to provide
a source of power or heat with a slower flame.
Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò´Â Á¤¼ö¼Òó·³ ³ôÀº ¿¬¼ÒƯ¼ºÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ´À¸° ¿¬¼Ò ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¸¸¾à Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò°¡ ¹ß»ýµÈ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ È¾¼ö¼Ò´Â
¿ä¸®±â±¸(°¡½º·»Áöµî)³ª ¿ë±¤·Îµî¿¡ ¾Ë¸ÂÀº ¿¬·á·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¶Ç´Â ´À¸° ¿¬¼Ò¸¦ °®´Â ³¹æ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary power supply for providing D.C. pulsed signals such as those illustrated in FIGS. 4a-4c to the
electrodes illustrated in FIGS. 6-8. Additionally, the power supply can provide another pulsed signal to the coil. As will be readily
understood by those skilled in the art, any other power supply which is capable of providing the pulsed signals discussed above to
the electrodes of the cell and the coil can be substituted therefor. Alternatively, the pulsed signals provided to the electrodes and
the coil can be provided by two separate power supplies.
±×¸² 9´Â ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÖ´Â ±×¸² 4a-4c¿Í °°Àº Á÷·ùÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¸ð¹üȸ·ÎµµÀÌ´Ù. Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ È¸·Î´Â
ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. °ü·ÃºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¼÷·ÃÀÚ´Â ½±°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸, ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ È¸·Î¶óµµ Àü±Ø°ú ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ µ¿ÀÏÀÇ
ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÙ¼ö¸¸ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ëüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î, Àü±Ø°ú ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ º°µµ Àü¿øÈ¸·Î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
The portion of the power supply (astable circuit, R2-R6, TR1-TR3, D2) providing a pulsed signal to the electrodes of the cell is
identical to that illustrated in FIG. 5. The power supply illustrated in FIG. 9 further includes the following parts and their respective
exemplary values:
Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÀÌ Àü¿ø°ø±Þȸ·Î´Â ( R2-R6, TR1-TR3, D2) ±×¸² 5ÀÇ È¸·Î¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸² 9¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ
Àü¿ø°ø±Þȸ·Î´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ºÎǰÀ» Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
______________________________________ Divide by N counter 4018 BPC or equivalent logic circuit Monostable circuit NE 554 or equivalent logic circuit Resistor R1 10K Transistor TR4 2N3055 or any high speed high current silicon switch Diode D1 1N4007. ______________________________________
The input of the divide by N counter (hereinafter "the divider") is connected to the collector of transistor TR1. The output of the
divider is connected to the monostable circuit and the output of the monostable circuit is connected to the base of transistor TR4
through resistor R1. The collector of the transistor TR4 is connected to one end of the coil and a diode D1. The other end of the
coil and the diode D1 is connected to the voltage supply Vcc. The resistor Ri ensures that TR4 is fully saturated. The diode D2
prevents any induced back emf generated within the coil from damaging the rest of the circuit. As illustrated in FIGS. 6-8, a switch
121 can also incorporated into the circuit to allow the user to switch between (1) a cell which produces orthohydrogen and oxygen,
and (2) a cell which produces at least parahydrogen and oxygen.
N counter (ÀÌÈķδ "µð¹ÙÀÌ´õ"·Î Ç¥½Ã)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³ª´©¾îÁø ÀÔ·ÂÀº Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. µð¹ÙÀÌ´õÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀº
¸ð³ë½ºÅ×ÀÌºí ¼Å¶°ú ¿¬°áµÇ°í ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×ÀÌºí ¼Å¶ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀº ÀúÇ× R1À» ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4ÀÇ º£À̽º¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4ÀÇ
Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â ÄÚÀÏÀÇ ÇÑ ÂÊ ³¡°ú ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå D1¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. ÄÚÀÏÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÂÊ ³¡°ú ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå D1Àº Vcc¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. ÀúÇ× Ri´Â Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ
TR4ÀÇ Æ÷ȿ뷮À» ¸¸Á·ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå D2´Â ÄÚÀÏ¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿ª±âÀü·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¸ÓÁö ȸ·Î¸¦ º¸È£ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸² 6~8¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ
¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ½ºÀ§Ä¡121ÀÌ »ç¿ëÀÚ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý (1)Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò, ±×¸®°í (2)ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
The high/low switching of the collector voltage of the transistor TR1 provides a pulsed signal to the divider. The divider divides this
pulsed signal by N (where N is a positive integer) to produce an pulsed output signal. This output signal is used to trigger the
monostable circuit. The monostable circuit restores the pulse length so that it has a suitable timing. The output signal from the
monostable circuit is provided to the base of the transistor TR4 through resistor R1 to switch the transistor TR4 on/off. When the
transistor TR4 is switched on, the coil is placed between Vcc and ground. When the transistor TR4 is switched off, the coil is
disconnected from the rest of the circuit. As discussed in conjunction with FIGS. 6-8, the frequency of pulse signal provided to the
coil is switched at a rate preferably between 17-22 Hz; i.e.,much lower than the frequency of the pulsed signal provided to the
electrodes.
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍÀü¾ÐÀ» ³ôÀÌ°í ³·ÃãÀ¸·Î½á µð¹ÙÀÌ´õ¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÙ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. µð¹ÙÀÌ´õ´Â ÀÌ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ N (¾çÀÇ
Á¤¼ö¹è)À¸·Î ³ª´©¾î Ãâ·Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ »ý»êÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Ãâ·Â½ÅÈ£´Â ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×À̺í ȸ·Î¸¦ °¡µ¿½Ã۴µ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×À̺í ȸ·Î´Â ÀÌ
ÆÞ½ºÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ º¹¿øÇÏ¿© ÀûÀýÇÑ Å¸À̹ÖÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×À̺í ȸ·Î¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â Ãâ·Â½ÅÈ£´Â ÀúÇ× R1À» ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4ÀÇ
º£À̽º¿¡ Àü´ÞµÊÀ¸·Î½á Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4¸¦ on/off ½ÃŲ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4°¡ onµÇ¸é, ÄÚÀÏÀº Vcc¿Í Á¢Áö »çÀÌ¿¡ ³õ¿©Áø´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ
TR4°¡ offµÇ¸é, ÄÚÀÏÀº ȸ·Î·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®µÈ´Ù. ±×¸² 6~8°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ Á֯ļö´Â 17-22
Hz°¡ Àû´çÇϸç, Àü±Ø¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â ÆÞ½ºÁ֯ļö º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ³·´Ù.
As indicated above, it is not required that the circuit (divider, monostable circuit, R1, TR4 and D1) providing the pulsed signal to the
coil be connected to the circuit (astable circuit, R2-R6, TR1-TR3, D2) providing the pulsed signal to the electrodes. However,
connecting the circuits in this manner will provide an easy way to initiate the pulsed signal to the coil.
À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íµÈ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Áִ ȸ·Î (µð¹ÙÀÌ´õ, ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×À̺í ȸ·Î, R1, TR4, D1)°¡ Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Áִ ȸ·Î
(astable ȸ·Î, R2-R6, TR1-TR3, D2)¿Í ¿¬°áµÉ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áµÈ ȸ·Î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦
½±°Ô ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
A working prototype of the present invention has been successfully built and operated with the exemplary and optimal parameters
indicated above to generate orthohydrogen, parahydrogen and oxygen from water. The output gas from the prototype has been
connected by a tube to the manifold inlet of a small one cylinder gasoline engine, with the carburetor removed, and has thus
successfully run such engine without any gasoline.
ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦Ç°Àº ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦À۵ǰí ÀÛµ¿µÇ¾î À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅ͸¦ °¡Áö°í ¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò, »ê¼Ò¸¦
»ý»êÇØ ³»¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÁ¦Ç°À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý»êµÈ °¡½º¸¦ Ä«ºÎ·¹Å͸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ ÀÛÀº 1±âÅë °¡¼Ö¸°¿£Áø¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ °á°ú, °¡¼Ö¸°ÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾øÀÌ ¿£ÁøÀ»
ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited
to the specific details and representative devices shown and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made
without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
°ü·Ã ¼÷·ÃÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ À̵æ°ú °³¼±ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀº À̰÷¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ ´ëÇ¥Àû ¸ðµ¨°ú ¼¼ºÎ»çÇ׿¡
Á¦ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ±â Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÀÌ ¹ß¸íÀÇ ±âº»Á¤½Å°ú ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ÀÌÅ»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °³¼±ÀÌ À̿췯Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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