United States Patent

6,126,794

Chambers

October 3, 2000


Apparatus for producing orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen
orthohydrogen(Á¤¼ö¼Ò)/parahydrogen(Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò)¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â ÀåÄ¡

Abstract¿ä¾à

An apparatus for producing orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen. The apparatus includes a container holding water and at least one pair of closely-spaced electrodes arranged within the container and submerged in the water. A first power supply provides a particular first pulsed signal to the electrodes. A coil may also be arranged within the container and submerged in the water if the production of parahydrogen is also required. A second power supply provides a second pulsed signal to the coil through a switch to apply energy to the water. When the second power supply is disconnected from the coil by the to switch and only the electrodes receive a pulsed signal, then orthohydrogen can be produced. When the second power supply is connected to the coil and both the electrodes and coil receive pulsed signals, then the first and second pulsed signals can be controlled to produce parahydrogen. The container is self-pressurized and the water within the container requires no chemical catalyst to efficiently produce the orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen. Heat is not generated, and bubbles do not form on the electrodes.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¹°À» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê¿Í Àû¾îµµ ÇѽÖÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ±ÙÁ¢ÇÑ Àü±ØÀÌ ÄÜÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ³»ºÎÀÇ ¹° ¾Æ·¡ Àá°ÜÀÖ´Ù. ù ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Àü±Ø¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù.  ¸¸¾à Ⱦ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸé ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ÄÜÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ³»ºÎÀÇ ¹° ¼Ó¿¡ ÀåÂøµÇ°Ô µÈ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÖÁö ¾Ê°í Àü±Ø¸¸ÀÌ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é, Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¸ÀÌ »ý»êµÈ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ°í Àü±Ø°ú ÄÚÀÏ µÎ °³°¡ ¸ðµÎ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é, ù ¹øÂ°¿Í µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â Ⱦ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ¹ß»ý·®À» Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀְԵȴÙ. ÄÜÅ×À̳ʴ ½º½º·Î °¡¾ÐµÇ¸ç, ³»ºÎÀÇ ¹°Àº Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۱â À§ÇØ ¾î¶°ÇÑ È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦µµ ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù. ¿­Àº ¹ß»ýµÇÁö ¾Ê°í, Àü±Ø¿¡´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¡Âø °Åǰµµ »ý¼ºµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 


Inventors:

Chambers; Stephen Barrie (Alberta, CA)

Assignee:

Xogen Power Inc. (Calgary, CA)

Appl. No.:

105023

Filed:

June 26, 1998

Current U.S. Class:

204/230.5; 204/230.6; 204/230.7; 204/230.8; 204/270; 204/272; 204/278; 204/293; 204/DIG9

Intern'l Class:

C25B 015/00; C25B 009/00; C25B 011/04

Field of Search:

204/230.6,230.7,242,267,270,272,278,230.5,DIG. 9,230.8


References Cited [Referenced By]


U.S. Patent Documents

3311097

Mar., 1967

Mittelstaedt

204/278.

3980053

Sep., 1976

Horvath.

4107008

Aug., 1978

Horvath.

4184931

Jan., 1980

Inoue

204/129.

4316787

Feb., 1982

Themy

204/278.

4384943

May., 1983

Stoner et al.

4394230

Jul., 1983

Puharich.

4470894

Sep., 1984

Dyer.

4599158

Jul., 1986

Ofenloch

204/229.

4755305

Jul., 1988

Fremont et al.

4798661

Jan., 1989

Meyer

204/278.

5205994

Apr., 1993

Sawamoto et al.

5304289

Apr., 1994

Hayakawa.

5324398

Jun., 1994

Erickson et al.

5376242

Dec., 1994

Hayakawa.

5399251

Mar., 1995

Nakamats.

5435894

Jul., 1995

Hayakawa.

5599437

Feb., 1997

Taylor et al.

5614078

Mar., 1997

Lubin et al.

5632870

May., 1997

Kucheroy

204/278.

5695650

Dec., 1997

Held.

5698107

Dec., 1997

Wurzburger et al.

Foreign Patent Documents

0971886

Mar., 1997

JP.

9809001

Mar., 1998

WO.


Primary Examiner: Valentine; Donald R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stoel Rives LLP


Claims




What is claimed is:
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ:

1. An apparatus comprising:
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

a. a container for holding a fluid solution including water;
¹°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¾×ü¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÄÁÅ×À̳Ê;

b. a pair of electrodes arranged within said container, said electrodes being spaced apart from each other by 1 mm;
ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø, Àü±Ø³¢¸®´Â ¼­·Î 1mmÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù;

c. a coil arranged within said container;
ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏ;

d. a first power supply coupled to said electrodes for providing a first pulsed signal to one of said electrodes said pulsed signal having a mark-space ratio substantially equal to 10:1 and a frequency from 10 to 250 KHZ; and
ù ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÖ¸é Àü±ØÀº 10:1ÀÇ µàƼºñ (mark-space ratio)¿Í 10-250 KHzÀÇ Á֯ļö¸¦ °®´Â´Ù;

e. a second power supply switchably coupled to said coil for providing a second pulsed signal to said coil, said second pulsed signal having a frequency of about 19 HZ;
µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ ±³´ë·Î ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÖ¸é, µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â ¾à 19 HzÀÇ Á֯ļö¸¦ °®´Â´Ù;

f. wherein said electrodes are adapted for submersion in said fluid solution;
Àü±ØÀº ¾×ü¼Ó¿¡ Àá±âµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù;

g. said coil is disposed above said electrodes;
ÄÚÀÏÀº Àü±ØÀÇ ¹Ù·Î À§¿¡ À§Ä¡µÇµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù;

h. said first pulsed signal from said first power supply has a voltage of 12 volts and a current of 300 ma;
ù ¹øÂ° Àü¿ø°ø±Þ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýµÈ ù ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â 12 volts ¿Í 300 maÀÇ Àü¾Ð°ú Àü·ù°ªÀ» °®´Â´Ù;

i. said first pulsed signal has a square-wave waveform;
ù ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â ½ºÄù¾î ¿þÀÌºê ÆÄÇüÀ» °®´Â´Ù;

j. one of said pair of electrodes forms an inner cylinder and the other of said pair of electrodes forms an outer cylinder surrounding said inner cylinder;
ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ ¿øÅëÇü Àü±ØÀº Çϳª´Â ¾ÈÂÊÀÇ ½Ç¸°´õ ÇüŸ¦ °®°í ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ¾ÈÂÊÀÇ ½Ç¸°´õ¸¦ °¨½Î´Â ÇüÅ·Π¹Ù±ùÂÊÀÇ ½Ç¸°´õ ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áø´Ù;

k. both of said electrodes are made of the same material;
µÎ °³ÀÇ Àü±ØÀº °°Àº ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù;

l. said fluid solution does not include a chemical catalyst;
¾×ü¿¡´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦µµ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù;

m. said container includes a pressure relief valve which opens if the pressure within said container exceeds a predetermined threshold;
ÄÁÅ×À̳ʿ¡´Â ¹Ì¸® ÀÏÁ¤°ªÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇØ ³õÀº pressure relief valve °¡ ÀÖ´Ù;

n. said container includes an outlet port for transporting pressurized gas contents of said container to a device from the group consisting of:
ÄÁÅ×À̳ʿ¡´Â ¹ß»ýµÈ ¾ÐÃà°¡½º¸¦ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡µé¿¡ º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °¡½º¹èÃⱸ°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù:

1. an internal combustion engine;
³»¿¬±â°ü;

2. a reciprocating piston engine;
¿Õº¹ÇǽºÅæ¿£Áø;


3. a gas turbine engine;
°¡½ºÅͺó¿£Áø;

4. a stove;
½ºÅäºê;

5. a heater;
È÷ÅÍ;

6. a furnace;
¿ë±¤·Î;

7. a distillation unit;
Áõ·ù±â;

8. a water purification unit; and
Á¤¼öÀåÄ¡;

9. a hydrogen/oxygen flame jet; and
¼ö¼Ò/»ê¼Ò ºÒ²É Á¦Æ®;

o. a voltage level of said second pulsed signal applied to said coil is variable.
ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ Àü¾ÐÀº °¡º¯ÀûÀÌ´Ù.

2. An apparatus comprising:
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù:

a. a container for holding a fluid solution including water;
¹°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¾×ü¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÄÁÅ×À̳Ê;


b. a pair of electrodes arranged within said container, said electrodes being spaced apart from each other by 5 mm or less; and
ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø, Àü±Ø³¢¸®´Â ¼­·Î 5mm ÀÌÇÏÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù;


c. a power supply coupled to said electrodes for providing a pulsed signal to one of said electrodes, said pulsed signal having a mark-space ratio substantially equal to 10:1 and a frequency of from 10 to 250 KHZ;
Àü±Ø¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â µàƼºñ (mark-space ratio) 10:1 °ú Á֯ļö 10-250 KHz¸¦ °®´Â´Ù;

d. wherein said electrodes are adapted for submersion in said fluid solution.
Àü±ØÀº ¾×üÀÇ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ Àá°ÜÀÖ´Ù.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said pulsed signal from said power supply has a voltage of 12 volts and a current of 300 ma.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 2ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â 12 voltsÀÇ Àü¾Ð°ú 300 maÀÇ Àü·ù¸¦ °®´Â´Ù.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein pulsed signal has a square-wave waveform.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 3ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â ½ºÄù¾î ¿þÀÌºê ÆÄÇüÀ» °®´Â´Ù.

5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein both of said pair of electrodes form a flat plate.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 3ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀº ÆòÆÇÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ °®´Â´Ù.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising at least one additional pair of electrodes coupled to said power supply, wherein each electrode of said additional pair of electrodes forms a flat plate.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 5ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, Àû¾îµµ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ ÆòÆÇÀü±ØÀÌ ´õ Ãß°¡µÇ¾îÁø´Ù.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein both of said pair of electrodes is formed by a same material.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 5ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀº ¸ðµÎ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Àç·á·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said material forming said electrodes is stainless steel.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 7ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, °¢°¢ÀÇ Àü±ØµéÀº ½ºÅ×Àη¹½º°­À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.

9. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said apparatus is adapted to produce hydrogen and oxygen from a fluid solution in the absence of a chemical catalyst.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 3ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦ ¾øÀÌ ¾×ü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù.

10. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said container includes a pressure relief valve which opens if the pressure within said container exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 3ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÇØÁø ÀÓ°è¾Ð·ÂÀ» ÃʰúÇÒ °æ¿ì ¿­ ¸®´Â pressure relief valve°¡ ÄÁÅ×À̳ʿ¡ ÀåÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

11. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said apparatus is adapted to produce hydrogen and oxygen from a fluid solution in response to said pulsed signal and said container includes an output port for outputting said hydrogen and oxygen, and further comprising:
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 3ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ƯÁ¤ÀÇ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© ¾×ü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ýÇϸç, ÀÌ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ º¸³»±â À§ÇÑ ¹èÃⱸ°¡ ÄÁÅ×À̳ʿ¡ ÀåÂøµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù:

a device including an input port connected to said output port for receiving said hydrogen and oxygen, said device selected from the group consisting of:
ÀÌ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ °ø±Þ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀåÄ¡µéÀº :

a. an internal combustion engine;
³»¿¬±â°ü;

b. a reciprocating piston engine;
¿Õº¹ÇǽºÅæ¿£Áø;

c. a gas turbine engine;
°¡½ºÅͺó¿£Áø;

d. a stove;
½ºÅäºê;

e. a heater;
È÷ÅÍ;

f. a furnace;
¿ë±¤·Î;

g. a distillation unit;
Áõ·ù±â;

h. a water purification unit; and
Á¤¼öÀåÄ¡;

i. a hydrogen/oxygen flame jet.
¼ö¼Ò/»ê¼Ò ºÒ²É Á¦Æ®.

12. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein one of said pair of electrodes forms an inner cylinder and the other of said pair of electrodes forms an outer cylinder surrounding said inner cylinder.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 2ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ ¿øÅëÇü Àü±ØÀº Çϳª´Â ¾ÈÂÊÀÇ ½Ç¸°´õ ÇüŸ¦ °®°í ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ¾ÈÂÊÀÇ ½Ç¸°´õ¸¦ °¨½Î´Â ÇüÅ·Π¹Ù±ùÂÊÀÇ ½Ç¸°´õ ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áø´Ù;

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein both of said pair of electrodes is formed by a same material.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 12ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, µÎ °³ÀÇ Àü±ØÀº °°Àº ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù;


14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said material forming said electrodes is stainless steel.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 13ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, Àü±ØÀº ½ºÅ×Àη¹½º°­À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.

15. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said apparatus is adapted to produce hydrogen and oxygen from a fluid solution in the absence of a chemical catalyst.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 2ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦¾øÀÌ ¾×ü¿¡¼­ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù.

16. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said container includes a pressure relief valve which opens if the pressure within said container exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 2ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÇØÁø ÀÓ°è¾Ð·ÂÀ» ÃʰúÇÒ °æ¿ì ¿­ ¸®´Â pressure relief valve°¡ ÄÁÅ×À̳ʿ¡ ÀåÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

17. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said apparatus is adapted to produce hydrogen and oxygen from a fluid solution in response to said pulsed signal and said container includes an output port for outputting said hydrogen and oxygen, and further comprising:
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 2ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ƯÁ¤ÀÇ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© ¾×ü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ýÇϸç, ÀÌ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ º¸³»±â À§ÇÑ ¹èÃⱸ°¡ ÄÁÅ×À̳ʿ¡ ÀåÂøµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù:


a device including an input port connected to said output port for receiving said hydrogen and oxygen, said device selected from the group consisting of:
ÀÌ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ °ø±Þ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀåÄ¡µéÀº :


a. an internal combustion engine;
³»¿¬±â°ü;

b. a reciprocating piston engine;
¿Õº¹ÇǽºÅæ¿£Áø;

c. a gas turbine engine;
°¡½ºÅͺó¿£Áø;

d. a stove;
½ºÅäºê;

e. a heater;
È÷ÅÍ;

f. a furnace;
¿ë±¤·Î;

g. a distillation unit;
Áõ·ù±â;

h. a water purification unit; and
Á¤¼öÀåÄ¡;

i. a hydrogen/oxygen flame jet.
¼ö¼Ò/»ê¼Ò ºÒ²É Á¦Æ®.

18. An apparatus comprising:
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù:

a. a container for holding a fluid solution including water;
¹°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¾×ü¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÄÁÅ×À̳Ê;

b. a pair of electrodes arranged within said container;
ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø;

c. a coil arranged within said container;
ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏ;

d. a first power supply coupled to said electrodes for providing a first pulsed signal to one of said electrodes; and
ù ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÑ´Ù;

e. a second power supply coupled to said coil for providing a second pulsed signal to said coil.
µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö´Â ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÑ´Ù.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 18ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â

a. said electrodes are adapted for submersion in said fluid solution; and
Àü±ØÀº ¾×üÀÇ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ Àá°ÜÀÖ´Ù.


b. said coil is arranged above said electrodes.
ÄÚÀÏÀº Àü±ØÀÇ ¹Ù·Î À§¿¡ À§Ä¡µÇµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù;


20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a switch coupled to the second power supply to connect/disconnect said second power supply to/from said coil.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 19ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â, ÄÚÀÏ·Î ¿¬°áµÈ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ¿¬°á/Â÷´Ü ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½ºÀ§Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said second power supply is a variable voltage power supply for varying a voltage level of said second pulsed signal over time.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 20ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â, µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö´Â µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ º¼Æ¼Áö ·¹º§À» º¯È­½Ã۱â À§ÇØ °¡º¯ÀûÀÎ Àü¾ÐÀ» °®´Â´Ù.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said first power supply is a variable output power supply for varying at least one output parameter of said first pulsed signal over time.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 21ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â, ù ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö´Â Àû¾îµµ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅ͸¦ º¯È­½Ã۱â À§ÇØ °¡º¯Àû ÆÄ¿ö°ø±ÞÀ» °®´Â´Ù.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said container includes a pressure relief valve which opens if the pressure within said container exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 20ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â, ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÇØÁø ÀÓ°è¾Ð·ÂÀ» ÃʰúÇÒ °æ¿ì ¿­ ¸®´Â pressure relief valve°¡ ÄÁÅ×À̳ʿ¡ ÀåÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said second power supply is a variable voltage power supply for varying a voltage level of said second pulsed signal over time.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 19ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â, µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö´Â µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ º¼Æ¼Áö ·¹º§À» º¯È­½Ã۱â À§ÇØ °¡º¯ÀûÀÎ Àü¾ÐÀ» °®´Â´Ù.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein said first power supply is a variable output power supply for varying at least one output parameter of said first pulsed signal over time.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 24ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â, ù ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö´Â Àû¾îµµ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅ͸¦ º¯È­½Ã۱â À§ÇØ °¡º¯Àû ÆÄ¿ö°ø±ÞÀ» °®´Â´Ù.


26. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said first power supply is a variable output power supply for varying at least one signal parameter of said first pulsed signal over time.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 19ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â, ù ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö´Â Àû¾îµµ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅ͸¦ º¯È­½Ã۱â À§ÇØ °¡º¯Àû ÆÄ¿ö°ø±ÞÀ» °®´Â´Ù.


27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said second power supply includes an astable circuit that oscillates at a frequency of between 17 Hz and 22 Hz.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 19ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â 17 Hz¿¡¼­ 22 HzÀÇ Áøµ¿À» °®´Â ȸ·Î¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

28. The apparatus of claim 19, where said pair of electrodes are spaced apart by 1 mm.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 19ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡´Â 1 mm ÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» °®´Â Àü±ØÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein one of said pair of electrodes forms an inner cylinder and the other of said pair of electrodes forms an outer cylinder surrounding said inner cylinder.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 28ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ ¿øÅëÇü Àü±ØÀº Çϳª´Â ¾ÈÂÊÀÇ ½Ç¸°´õ ÇüŸ¦ °®°í ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ¾ÈÂÊÀÇ ½Ç¸°´õ¸¦ °¨½Î´Â ÇüÅ·Π¹Ù±ùÂÊÀÇ ½Ç¸°´õ ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áø´Ù.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein both of said pair of electrodes is formed by a same material.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 29ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, µÎ °³ÀÇ Àü±ØÀº °°Àº ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù;


31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein said material forming said electrodes is stainless steel.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 30ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, Àü±ØÀº ½ºÅ×Àη¹½º°­À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.


32. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein both of said pair of electrodes form a flat plate.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 28ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀº ÆòÆÇÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ °®´Â´Ù.


33. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising at least one additional pair of electrodes coupled to said first power supply, wherein each electrode of said additional pair of electrodes forms a flat plate.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 32ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, Àû¾îµµ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ ÆòÆÇÀü±ØÀÌ ´õ Ãß°¡µÇ¾îÁø´Ù.


34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein both of said pair of electrodes is formed by a same material.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 32ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀº ¸ðµÎ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Àç·á·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.


35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said material forming said electrodes is stainless steel.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 34ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, °¢°¢ÀÇ Àü±ØµéÀº ½ºÅ×Àη¹½º°­À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.


36. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said apparatus is adapted to produce hydrogen and oxygen from a fluid solution in the absence of a chemical catalyst.
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 19ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦ ¾øÀÌ ¾×ü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù.


37. The apparatus in claim 18, wherein said apparatus is adapted to produce hydrogen and oxygen from a fluid solution in response to said first pulsed signal and said container includes an output port for outputting said hydrogen and oxygen, and further comprising:
Ŭ·¹ÀÓ 18ÀÇ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ƯÁ¤ÀÇ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© ¾×ü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ýÇϸç, ÀÌ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ º¸³»±â À§ÇÑ ¹èÃⱸ°¡ ÄÁÅ×À̳ʿ¡ ÀåÂøµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù:


a device including an input port connected to said output port for receiving said hydrogen and oxygen, said device selected from the group consisting of:
ÀÌ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ °ø±Þ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀåÄ¡µéÀº :


a. an internal combustion engine;
³»¿¬±â°ü;

b. a reciprocating piston engine;
¿Õº¹ÇǽºÅæ¿£Áø;

c. a. gas turbine engine;
°¡½ºÅͺó¿£Áø;

d. a stove;
½ºÅäºê;

e. a heater;
È÷ÅÍ;

f. a furnace;
¿ë±¤·Î;

g. a distillation unit;
Áõ·ùÀåÄ¡;

h. a water purification unit; and
Á¤¼öÀåÄ¡;

i. a hydrogen/oxygen flame jet.
¼ö¼Ò/»ê¼Ò ºÒ²É Á¦Æ®. 


Description




BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
¹ß¸íÀÇ ¹è°æ

1. Field of the Invention
¹ß¸íºÐ¾ß

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing orthohydrogen and parahydrogen.
ÀÌ ¹ß¸íÀº Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ÀåÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù.

2. Description of Related Art
°ü·ÃÇØ¼³

Conventional electrolysis cells are capable of producing hydrogen and oxygen from water. These conventional cells generally include two electrodes arranged within the cell which apply energy to the water to thereby produce hydrogen and oxygen. The two electrodes are conventionally made of two different materials.
Àç·¡½Ä ¹°ºÐÇØÀåÄ¡´Â ¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌ Àç·¡½Ä ÀåÄ¡´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹°¿¡ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¡ÇÏ´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ Àü±ØÀ¸·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ°í, ±×·³À¸·Î ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. µÎ °³ÀÇ Àü±ØÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.

However, the hydrogen and oxygen generated in the conventional cells are generally produced in an inefficient manner. That is, a large amount of electrical power is required to be applied to the electrodes in order to produce the hydrogen and oxygen. Moreover, a chemical catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide must be added to the water to separate hydrogen or oxygen bubbles from the electrodes. Also, the produced gas must often be transported to a pressurized container for storage, because conventional cells produce the gases slowly. Also, conventional cells tend to heat up, creating a variety of problems, including boiling of the water. Also, conventional cells tend to form gas bubbles on the electrodes which act as electrical insulators and reduce the function of the cell.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ Àç·¡½Ä ¹°ºÐÇØÀåÄ¡´Â »ó´çÈ÷ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù.  Áï, ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۱â À§Çؼ­´Â ´ë¿ë·®ÀÇ Àü±â¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ Àü±Ø¿¡ °¡ÇØÁ®¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ, Àü±Ø¿¡ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼ÒÀÇ ±âÆ÷¹æ¿ïÀÌ ´Þ¶óºÙ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³ªÆ®·ý¼ö»êÈ­¹°À̳ª Ä®·ý¼ö»êÈ­¹°°°Àº È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦°¡ ¹°¿¡ ÷°¡µÇ¾îÁ®¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Àç·¡½Ä ÀåÄ¡´Â °¡½º¸¦ ¸Å¿ì ´À¸®°Ô ¹ß»ý½Ã۱⠶§¹®¿¡ º°µµÀÇ °¡¾ÐÅÊÅ©·Î °¡½º¸¦ À̵¿½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Àç·¡½Ä ÀåÄ¡´Â ½±°Ô °¡¿­µÇ¾î ¹°ÀÌ ²ú¾î¿À¸£´Â µîÀÇ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾È°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Àç·¡½Ä ÀåÄ¡´Â Àü±ØÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ ±âÆ÷°¡ ´Þ¶óºÙ¾î Àý¿¬Ã¼ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ´Ù.

Accordingly, it is extremely desirable to produce a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen with only a modest amount of input power. Furthermore, it is desirable to produce the hydrogen and oxygen with "regular" tap water and without any additional chemical catalyst, and to operate the cell without the need for an additional pump to pressurize it. It would also be desirable to construct the electrodes using the same material. Also, it is desirable to produce the gases quickly, and without heat, and without bubbles on the electrodes.
µû¶ó¼­, ÀÛÀº ·®ÀÇ ÀÔ·ÂÀü±â·Î ´ë¿ë·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù. ´õÇÏ¿©, °¡¾ÐÀ» À§ÇÑ º°µµÀÇ ÆßÇÁ°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø°í, ¾î¶² È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦µµ Ãß°¡ÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ "º¸ÅëÀÇ ¹°"·Î ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ µÎ °³ÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» µ¿ÀÏ ÀçÁú·Î ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Àü±Ø¿¡ ´Þ¶óºÙ´Â ±âÆ÷¾øÀÌ, ¿­ÀÇ ¹ß»ý¾øÀÌ, °¡½º¸¦ ºü¸¥ ½Ã°£³»¿¡ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.

Orthohydrogen and parahydrogen are two different isomers of hydrogen. Orthohydrogen is that state of hydrogen molecules in which the spins of the two nuclei are parallel. Parahydrogen is that state of hydrogen molecules in which the spins of the two nuclei are antiparallel. The different characteristics of orthohydrogen and parahydrogen lead to different physical properties. For example, orthohydrogen is highly combustible whereas parahydrogen is a slower burning form of hydrogen. Thus, orthohydrogen and parahydrogen can be used for different applications. Conventional electrolytic cells make only orthohydrogen and parahydrogen. Parahydrogen, conventionally, is difficult and expensive to make.
Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò´Â ¼ö¼Ò°¡ °¡Áö´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ À̼ºÃ¼ÀÌ´Ù. Á¤¼ö¼Ò´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ¼ö¼ÒºÐÀÚÀÇ ÇÙÀÌ ÆòÇàÀ¸·Î ȸÀüÇÏ´Â »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù. Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò´Â ¼ö°³ÀÇ ¼ö¼ÒºÐÀÚÀÇ ÇÙÀÌ ÆòÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô ȸÀüÇÏ´Â »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ Ư¼ºÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹°¸®Àû ¼ºÁúÀ» °®´Â´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, Á¤¼ö¼Ò´Â ¸Å¿ì ¿¬¼ÒƯ¼ºÀÌ ÁÁÀº ¹Ý¸é, Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò´Â ´À¸° ¿¬¼ÒƯ¼ºÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò´Â ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÀÀ¿ë¹°¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Àç·¡½Ä ¹°ºÐÇØ ÀåÄ¡´Â Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¸À» ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¸À» º°µµ·Î »ý»êÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â, Àç·¡½Ä ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ°í ºñ½Ñ ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸ÔÈù´Ù.

Accordingly, it is desirable to produce cheaply orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen using a cell and to be able to control the amount of either produced by the cell. It is also desirable to direct the produced orthohydrogen or parahydrogen to a coupled machine in order to provide a source of energy for the same.
µû¶ó¼­, Àú·ÅÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î Á¤¼ö¼Ò ¶Ç´Â Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ°í °¢°¢ÀÇ °¡½ºÀÇ ¹ß»ý·®À» Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©±â¼­ ¹ß»ýµÈ Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀ¸·Î Ȱ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±â°èÀåÄ¡¿¡ ¹Ù·Î ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
¹ß¸íÀÇ Á¾ÇÕ¿ä¾à

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a cell having electrodes and containing water which produces a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen in a relatively small amount of time, and with a modest amount of input power, and without generating heat.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¹ß¸íÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ÀÛÀº·®ÀÇ Àü±âÀÔ·ÂÀ¸·Î ªÀº ½Ã°£µ¿¾È ´ë¿ë·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۰í, ¿­À» ¹ß»ýÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

It is another object of the present invention for the cell to produce bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen which do not bunch around or on the electrodes.
¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÀº Àü±ØÀÇ Ç¥¸é°ú ±× ÁÖº¯¿¡ ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ ±âÆ÷¹æ¿ïÀÌ ´Þ¶óºÙÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

It is also an object of the present invention for the cell to properly operate without a chemical catalyst. Thus, the cell can run merely on tap water. Moreover, the additional costs associated with the chemical catalyst can be avoided.
¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÀº È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦ ¾øÀÌ ÀÛµ¿Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â º¸ÅëÀÇ ¼öµ¾¹°À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´õÇÏ¿©, °ªºñ½Ñ È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÈ´Ù.

It is another object of the present invention for the cell to be self-pressurizing. Thus, no additional pump is needed.
¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÀº, ¹ß»ýµÈ °¡½º°¡ ½º½º·Î °¡¾ÐµÇ¾î, º°µµÀÇ °¡¾Ð¿ë ÆßÇÁ°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾øµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a cell having electrodes made of the same material. This material can be stainless steel, for example. Thus, the construction of the cell can be simplified and corresponding costs reduced.
¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÀº, Àü±ØÀ» ¸ðµÎ °°Àº ÀçÁúÀÇ ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀº ½ºÅ×Àη¹½º°­ µîÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Á¦ÀÛÀÇ °úÁ¤ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ­µÇ°í, °ü·Ãºñ¿ëÀÌ Àý°¨µÈ´Ù.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a cell which is capable of producing orthohydrogen, parahydrogen or a mixture thereof and can be controlled to produce any relative amount of orthohydrogen and parahydrogen desired by the user.
¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÀº Á¤¼ö¼Ò, Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò, ¶Ç´Â À̵éÀÇ È¥ÇÕ°¡½º¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ Çʿ信 ºÎÀÀÇÏ¿© À̵éÀÇ ¹ß»ý·®À» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

It is another object of the invention to couple the gaseous output of the cell to a device, such as an internal combustion engine, so that the device may be powered from the gas supplied thereto.
¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÀº ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ ±â°ü, ¿¹¸¦µé¸é ³»¿¬¿£Áøµî-¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© ¹ß»ýµÈ °¡½º¸¦ ´Ù¸¥±â°üÀÇ ¿¬·á·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

These and other objects, features, and characteristics of the present invention will be more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description and appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures.
ÀÌµé ¸ñÀû°ú »ç¾ç, ¼º´ÉƯ¼º°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀº ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÷ºÎµÈ ±×¸²°ú ÇÔ²² ¼³¸íµÈ ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ »çÇ×À» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¸é ´õ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ÀÌÇØ¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Accordingly, the present invention includes a container for holding water. At least one pair of closely-spaced electrodes are positioned within the container and submerged under the water. A first power supply provides a particular pulsed signal to the electrodes. A coil is also arranged in the container and submerged under the water. A second power supply provides a particular pulsed signal through a switch to the electrodes.
ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀº ¹°À» ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿ë±â¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. Àû¾îµµ ÇÑ ½Ö ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ±ÙÁ¢ÇÑ °£°ÝÀ» °®´Â Àü±Ø¿¡ ¿ë±â ³»ºÎÀÇ ¹°¼Ó¿¡ Àá°ÜÀÖ´Ù. ù ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ ƯÁ¤ÀÇ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Àü±Ø¿¡ º¸³½´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ë±â ³»ºÎÀÇ ¹°¼Ó¿¡ Àá°ÜÀÖ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° ÆÄ¿ö°¡ ƯÁ¤ÀÇ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ º¸³½´Ù.

When only the electrodes receive a pulsed signal, then orthohydrogen can be produced. When both the electrodes and coil receive pulsed signals, then parahydrogen or a mixture of parahydrogen and orthohydrogen can be produced. The container is self pressurized and the water within the container requires no chemical catalyst to efficiently produce the orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen.
Àü±Ø¿¡¸¸ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³»¸é, Á¤¼ö¼Ò°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. Àü±Ø°ú ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³»¸é, Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò ¶Ç´Â Ⱦ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ È¥ÇÕ±â, ±×¸®°í Á¤¼ö¼Ò°¡ ¹ß»ýµÈ´Ù. ¿ë±â´Â ¹ß»ýµÈ °¡½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚü°¡¾ÐµÇ¸ç, ¿ë±â ³»ÀÇ ¹°Àº Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ý½Ã۴µ¥ ¾Æ¹«·± È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ä¾à¼³¸í


FIG. 1 is a side view of a cell for producing orthohydrogen including a pair of electrodes according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
±×¸² 1Àº ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ù ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù.

 

±×¸²2

FIG. 2 is a side view of a cell for producing orthohydrogen including two pairs of electrodes according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
±×¸² 2´Â µÎ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â µÎ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù.

±×¸²3

FIG. 3 is a side view of a cell for producing orthohydrogen including a pair of cylindrical-shaped electrodes according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
±×¸² 3Àº ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ ¿øÅëÇü Àü±ØÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù.

   


FIG. 4a is a diagram illustrating a square wave pulsed signal which can be produced by the circuit of FIG. 5 and applied to the electrodes of FIGS. 1-3;
±×¸² 4a´Â ±×¸² 1~3¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ±×¸² 5ÀÇ ÆÞ½º¹ß»ýȸ·Î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ±¸Çü ÆÞ½ºÀÌ´Ù.

FIG. 4b is a diagram illustrating a saw tooth wave pulsed signal which can be produced by the circuit of FIG. 5 and applied to the electrodes of FIGS. 1-3;
±×¸² 4b´Â ±×¸² 1~3¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ±×¸² 5ÀÇ ÆÞ½º¹ß»ýȸ·Î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø Åé´Ï ÆÞ½ºÀÌ´Ù.


FIG. 4c is a diagram illustrating a triangular wave pulsed signal which can be produced by the circuit of FIG. 5 and applied to the electrodes of FIGS. 1-3;
±×¸² 4c´Â ±×¸² 1~3¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ±×¸² 5ÀÇ ÆÞ½º¹ß»ýȸ·Î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø »ï°¢ ÆÞ½ºÀÌ´Ù.

±×¸²5

FIG. 5 is an electronic circuit diagram illustrating a power supply which is connected to the electrodes of FIGS. 1-3;
±×¸² 5´Â ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³»ÁÖ´Â ÀüÀÚȸ·ÎµµÀÌ´Ù;

±×¸²6

FIG. 6 is a side view of a cell for producing at least parahydrogen including a coil and a pair of electrodes according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
±×¸² 6Àº ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø°ú ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ³× ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù;

±×¸²7

FIG. 7 is a side view of a cell for producing at least parahydrogen including a coil and two pairs of electrodes according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
±×¸² 7Àº µÎ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø°ú ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ´Ù¼¸ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù;

±×¸²8

FIG. 8 is a side view of a cell for producing at least parahydrogen including a coil and a pair of cylindrical-shaped electrodes according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; and
±×¸² 8Àº ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ ¿øÅëÇü Àü±Ø°ú ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ¿©¼¸ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ãø¸éµµÀÌ´Ù;

±×¸²9

FIG. 9 is an electronic circuit diagram illustrating a power supply which is connected to the coil and electrodes of FIGS. 6-8.
±×¸² 9´Â ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ Àü±Ø°ú ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³»ÁÖ´Â ÀüÀÚȸ·ÎµµÀÌ´Ù.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼ºÎ¼³¸í

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention including a cell for producing hydrogen and oxygen. As will be discussed below in conjunction with FIGS. 6-8,
±×¸² 1Àº ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸² 6~8°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ù ¹øÂ° ÀåÄ¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

the production of parahydrogen requires an additional coil not shown in FIG. 1. Thus, the hydrogen produced by the first embodiment of FIG. 1 is orthohydrogen.
Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۱â À§Çؼ­´Â ±×¸² 1¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾ÊÀº Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÄÚÀÏÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×¸² 1ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¼ö¼Ò´Â Á¤¼ö¼ÒÀÌ´Ù.

The cell includes a closed container 111 which is closed at its bottom portion by threaded plastic base 113 and screw thread base 109. The container 111 can be made of, for example, plexiglass and have an exemplary height of 43 cm and an exemplary width of 9 cm. The container 111 holds tap water 110 therein.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¹Ù´ÚÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ÇÃ¶ó½ºÆ½ 113¿Í 109, ¹ÐÆóµÈ ¿ë±â 111À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ¿ë±â 111Àº °­È­À¯¸®µîÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÃßõµÇ´Â ½ºÆåÀº ³ôÀÌ 43cm, Æø 9cmÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ë±â´Â ±× ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¹° 110À» ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.

The cell further includes a pressure gauge 103 to measure the pressure within the container 111. An outlet valve 102 is connected to the top of the container 111 to permit any gas within the container 111 to escape into an output tube 101.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¿ë±â ³»ºÎÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÃøÁ¤À» À§Çؼ­ ¾Ð·Â°è 103À» Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Ãⱸ¹ëºê 102°¡ ¿ë±â 111¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ¿ë±â ³»ºÎÀÇ °¡½º¸¦ ¹èÃâ°ü 101À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ³»º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

The cell also includes a pop valve 106 connected to a base 113. The pop valve 106 provides a safety function by automatically releasing the pressure within the container 111 if the pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold. For example, the pop valve 106 may be set so that it will open if the pressure in the container exceeds 75 p.s.i. Since the container 111 is built to withstand a pressure of about 200 p.s.i., the cell is provided with a large safety margin.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¶Ç ¹Ì¸® ¼³Á¤µÈ ÀÓ°è¾Ð·ÂÀÌ ÃʰúµÉ °æ¿ì ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ¹èÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾ÈÀü¹ëºê 106ÀÌ ¹Þħ 113¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¿ë±â 111Àº ¾à 200 psiÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» °ßµô ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ °®°í, ¾ÈÀü¹ëºê´Â ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ 75 psi¸¦ ÃʰúÇÒ ¶§ ¿­¸®µµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇØ ³õÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¸¹Àº ¾ÈÀü ¸¶ÁøÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


A pair of electrodes 105a, 105b are arranged within the container 111. The electrodes 105a, 105b are submerged under the top level of the water 110 and define an interaction zone 112 therebetween. The electrodes 105a, 105b are preferably made of the same material, such as stainless steel.
ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø 105a¿Í 105b°¡ ¿ë±â 111 ³»¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b´Â ¹° 110ÀÇ ¼ö¸é ¹Ù·Î ¾Æ·¡ Àá°Ü¼­ ¾ç Àü±Ø »çÀÌ¿¡ »óÈ£Àۿ뱸¿ª 112¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b´Â ½ºÅ×Àη¹½º°­µîÀÇ µ¿ÀÏ ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.

In order to produce an optimal amount of hydrogen and oxygen, an equal spacing between the electrodes 105a, 105b must be maintained. Moreover, it is preferable to minimize the spacing between the electrodes 105a, 105b. However, the spacing between the electrodes 105a, 105 cannot be positioned excessively close because arcing between the electrodes 105a, 105b would occur. It has been determined that a spacing of 1 mm is optimal spacing for producing hydrogen and oxygen. Spacing up to 5 mm can work effectively, but spacing above 5 mm has not worked well, except with excessive power.
ÀûÀýÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۱â À§ÇØ Àü±Ø 105a¿Í 105b »çÀÌÀÇ °£°ÝÀº Ç×»ó µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b »çÀÌÀÇ °£°ÝÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ ½Ãų¼ö·Ï ÁÁ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, °£°ÝÀÌ ³Ê¹« Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô °¡±î¿ï °æ¿ì´Â ¾ÆÅ©¹æÀüÀÌ ¹ß»ýµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÇèÀû °á·ÐÀº µÎ Àü±Ø°£ °£°ÝÀÌ 1 mm °¡ °¡Àå ÁÁ°í 5 mm ±îÁö È¿°úÀûÀÎ °¡½º¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ 5 mm ÀÌ»óÀÏ °æ¿ì ´õ ¸¹Àº ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

Hydrogen and oxygen gas outputted through output tube 101 can be transmitted by tube 101 to a device 120 using those gases, for example an internal combustion engine, such as shown in FIG. 1. Instead of an internal combustion engine, device 120 may be any device using hydrogen and oxygen, including a reciprocating piston engine, a gas turbine engine, a stove, a heater, a furnace, a distillation unit, a water purification unit, a hydrogen/oxygen jet, or other device using the gases. With an adequately productive example of the present invention, any such device 120 using the output gases can be run continuously without the need for storing dangerous hydrogen and oxygen gases.
Ãⱸ°ü 101À» ÅëÇØ ºüÁ®³ª°¡´Â ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò°¡½º´Â ÀÌ °¡½º¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³»¿¬±â°üÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡ 120¿¡µµ º¸³»¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡¿¡´Â ³»¿¬±â°ü ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¿Õº¹ÇǽºÅæ¿£Áø, °¡½ºÅͺó¿£Áø, ½ºÅäºê, È÷ÅÍ, ¿ë±¤·Î, Áõ·ù±â, Á¤¼ö±â, ¼ö¼Ò/»ê¼Ò Á¦Æ®µî ¹ß»ýµÈ °¡½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡¿¡µµ À§ÇèÇÑ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼ÒÀÇ ÃàÀû¾øÀÌ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÀÛµ¿À» ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention which includes more than one pair of electrodes 205a-d. The spacing between the electrodes is less than 5 mm as in the embodiment of FIG. 1. While FIG. 2 shows only one additional pair of electrodes, it is possible to include many more pairs (e.g.,as many as 40 pairs of electrodes) within the cell. The rest of the cell illustrated in FIG. 2 remains the same as that illustrated in FIG. 1. The multiple electrodes are preferably flat plates closely spaced, parallel to each other.
±×¸² 2´Â ÇÑ ½Ö ÀÌ»óÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â µÎ ¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 1ÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° ±¸Á¶¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Àü±ØÀÇ °£°ÝÀº 5 mm ¹Ì¸¸À̸ç, ±×¸² 2´Â ´ÜÁö ÇÑ ½ÖÀÇ Àü±ØÀÌ Ãß°¡µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ´õ ¸¹Àº ½Ö ( 40½ÖÀÇ Àü±Ø±îÁöµµ )ÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ±×¸² 1°ú µ¿ÀÏÇϸç, ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ  ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ÆòÆÇ Àü±ØÀº ¼­·Î ÃæºÐÈ÷ °¡±î¿ö¾ß Çϰí, ÆòÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cell having a cylindrically shaped electrodes 305a, 305b. The outer electrode 305b surrounds the coaxially aligned inner electrode 305a. The equal spacing of the electrodes 305a, 305b is less than 5 mm and the interactive zone is coaxially arranged between the two electrodes 305a, 305b. While FIG. 3 illustrates the top portion of the container 111 being formed by a plastic cap 301, it will be appreciated to those skill in the art that the cap 301 may be used in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-2 and the embodiment of FIG. 3 can utilize the same container 111 illustrated in FIGS. 1-2. As suggested by FIG. 3, the electrodes can be almost any shape such as flat plates, rods, tubes or coaxial cylinders.
±×¸² 3Àº 305a, 305bÀÇ ¿øÅëÇü ¸ð¾çÀÇ Àü±ØÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ù±ùÂÊ Àü±Ø 305b´Â ¾ÈÂÊ Àü±Ø 305a¿Í µ¿ÃàÀ» °¡Áö°í ¾ÈÂÊ Àü±ØÀ» °¨½Î°í ÀÖ´Ù. »óÈ£Àۿ뱸¿ªÀº 5 mm ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î µ¿½É¿ø ÇüÅ·ΠÀü±Ø 305a¿Í 305bÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 3Àº ÇÃ¶ó½ºÆ½ ¶Ñ²± 301À» °¡Áø ¿ë±â 111À» º¸¿©Áִµ¥, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¶Ñ²±À» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¿ë±â´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ±×¸² 1~2ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¸² 3¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ¿ë±â´Â ±×¸² 1~2¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ¿ë±â 111À» ±×´ë·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 3¿¡¼­ Á¦¾ÈµÈ ´ë·Î, Àü±ØÀÇ ÇüÅ´ ÆòÆÇÇü, ¸·´ë±âÇü, ¶Ç´Â µ¿½É¿øÅëÇüµî ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ¶óµµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

The electrodes 105a, 105b of FIG. 1 (or electrodes 205a-d of FIG. 2 or electrodes 305a, 305b of FIG. 3) are respectively connected to power supply terminals 108a, 108b so that they can receive a pulsed electrical signal from a power supply. The pulsed signal can be almost any waveform and have a variable current level, voltage level, frequency and mark-space ratio (i.e., a ratio of the duration of a single pulse to the interval between two successive pulses). For example, the power supply providing power to the electrodes can be a mains 110 volts to a 12 volt supply or a car battery.
±×¸² 1ÀÇ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b´Â ( ¶Ç´Â ±×¸² 2ÀÇ Àü±Ø 205a-d ¶Ç´Â ±×¸² 3ÀÇ Àü±Ø 305a, 305b ) ÆÄ¿ö°ø±Þ Å͹̳ÎÀÎ 108a, 108b¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Àü±âÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÆÄÇüÀÌ¶óµµ °¡´ÉÇϸç, ¿©·¯ °¡Áö °ªÀÇ Àü·ù, Àü¾Ð, Á֯ļö, ±×¸®°í µàƼºñ(ÀÎÁ¢ÇÏ´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ÆÞ½º »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÇϳªÀÇ ´ÜÀÏÆÞ½º°¡ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£)¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é, Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â Àü¿øÀº 110 º¼Æ®¿¡¼­ 12 º¼Æ®, ¶Ç´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¹åµ¥¸®µîÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

FIG. 4a, FIG. 4b and FIG. 4c illustrate a square wave, a saw tooth wave and a triangular wave, respectively which can be applied to the electrodes 105a, 105b (or 205a-d or 305a, 305b) in accordance with the present invention. Each of the waveforms illustrated in FIGS. 4a-4c has a 1:1 mark-space ratio. As shown in FIG. 4b, the saw tooth wave will only reach a peak voltage at the end of the pulse duration. As shown in FIG. 4c, the triangular wave has a low peak voltage. It has been found that optimal results for producing hydrogen and oxygen in the present invention are obtained using a square wave.
±×¸² 4a, 4b, 4c´Â °¢°¢ ½ºÄù¾î¿þÀ̺ê, Åé´ÏÆÄ, »ï°¢ÆÄ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ¸ç, À̰ÍÀº Àü±Ø 105a, 105b ( ¶Ç´Â Àü±Ø 205a-d ¶Ç´Â 305a, 305b ) ¿¡ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸²¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÆÄÇüÀº 1:1 ÀÇ µàƼºñ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 4b¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ Åé´ÏÆÄÇüÀº ÆÞ½ºÁÖ±âÀÇ ³¡¿¡¼­ ÇÇÅ©Àü¾Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸² 4c¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ »ï°¢ÆÄÇüÀº ³·Àº ÇÇÅ©Àü¾ÐÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÇè°á°ú·Î´Â ½ºÄù¾î¿þÀ̺긦 »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

After initiation of the pulsed signal from the power supply, the electrodes 105a, 105b continuously and almost instantaneously generate hydrogen and oxygen bubbles from the water 110 in the interaction zone 112. Moreover, the bubbles can be generated with only minimal heating of the water 110 or any other part of the cell. These bubbles rise through the water 110 and collect in the upper portion of the container 111.
Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ °¡Çϸé, Àü±Ø 105a, 105b´Â °ÅÀÇ ¼ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹° 110 ³»ÀÇ »óÈ£Àۿ뱸¿ª 112·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼ÒÀÇ ±âÆ÷¸¦ °è¼Ó ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ´õÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ ±âÆ÷µéÀº ¹° 110À̳ª ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐÀ» °ÅÀÇ °¡¿­½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê°í ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±âÆ÷µéÀº ¹° 110À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºüÁ®³ª¿Í ¿ë±â 111ÀÇ À­ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ¸ð¾ÆÁø´Ù.

The generated bubbles are not bunched around or on the electrodes 105a, 105b and thus readily float to the surface of the water 110. Therefore, there is no need to add a chemical catalyst to assist the conduction of the solution or reduce the bubble bunching around or on the electrodes 105a, 105b. Thus, only tap water is needed for generation of the hydrogen and oxygen in the present invention.
¹ß»ýµÈ ±âÆ÷µéÀº Àü±Ø 105a, 105bÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ ´Þ¶óºÙ°Å³ª ºÎ±Ù¿¡ ´Ù¹ß·Î ¸ðÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ½±°Ô ¹° 110ÀÇ Ç¥¸éÀ¸·Î ¶°¿À¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¿ëÇØ¸¦ µ½±âÀ§ÇØ, ¶Ç´Â Àü±ØÇ¥¸éÀ̳ª ºÎ±Ù¿¡ ´Ù¹ß·Î Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ±âÆ÷¸¦ °¨¼Ò½Ã۱âÀ§ÇÑ È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۱â À§ÇØ ¹° ÀÚü¸¸ ÀÖÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù.

The gases produced within the container are self-pressurizing (i.e.,pressure builds in the container by the production of gas, without an air pump). Thus, no additional pump is needed to be coupled to the container 111 and the produced gases do no need to be transported into a pressurized container.
¿ë±â ³»¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýµÈ °¡½º´Â ÀÚü °¡¾ÐµÈ´Ù ( °ø±âÆßÇÁ¾øÀÌ °¡½ºÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿ë±â ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù ). ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¿ë±â 111°ú ¿¬°áµÈ ¾î¶² Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÆßÇÁµµ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø°í ¹ß»ýµÈ °¡½º´Â º°µµÀÇ °¡¾ÐµÈ ¿ë±â·Î º¸³»¾îÁÙ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù.

The power supply in the present invention is required to provide a pulsed signal having only 12 volts at 300 ma (3.6 watts). It has been found that an optimal amount of hydrogen and oxygen has been produced when the pulsed signal has mark-space ratio of 10:1 and a frequency of 10-250 KHz. Using these parameters, the prototype cell of the present invention is capable of producing gas at the rate of 1 p.s.i. per minute. Accordingly, the cell of the present invention is capable of producing hydrogen and oxygen in a highly efficient manner, quickly and with low power requirements.
ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÖ±âÀ§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Àü±â´Â 12 volts, 300 ma (3.6 watt)¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. ½ÇÇè°á°ú ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ µàƼºñ 10:1, Á֯ļö 10-250 KHz¸¦ °¡Áú ¶§ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò°¡ ¹ß»ýµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦Ç°Àº ºÐ´ç 1 psiÀÇ °¡½º¹ß»ý·üÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀº ÀÛÀº ÀԷ¿¡³ÊÁö·Î ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¸Å¿ì ºü¸£°Ô °íÈ¿À²·Î ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

As noted above, the hydrogen produced by the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3 is orthohydrogen. As is well understood by those skilled in the art, orthohydrogen is highly combustible. Therefore, any orthohydrogen produced can be transported from the container 111 through valve 102 and outlet tube 101 to be used by a device such as an internal combustion engine.
À§¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¼ö¼Ò´Â Á¤¼ö¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¼÷·ÃÀÚ´Â ÀÌ¹Ì Àß ÀÌÇØÇϰí ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸, Á¤¼ö¼Ò´Â ³ôÀº ¿¬¼ÒƯ¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¹ß»ýµÈ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¤¼ö¼Òµµ ¿ë±â 111¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ ¹ëºê 102¿Í ¹èÃâ°ü 101À» ÅëÇØ ³»¿¬±â°ü°ú °°Àº µ¿·ÂÀåÄ¡¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

The present invention, with sufficient electrodes, can generate hydrogen and oxygen fast enough to feed the gases directly into an internal combustion engine or turbine engine, and run the engine continuously without accumulation and storage of the gases. Hence, this provides for the first time a hydrogen/oxygen driven engine that is safe because it requires no storage of hydrogen or oxygen gas.
ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀº, ³Ë³ËÇÑ Àü±ØÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÃæºÐÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ °ð¹Ù·Î ³»¿¬±â°üÀ̳ª Åͺó¿£Áøµî¿¡ °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, °¡½ºÀÇ ÃàÀû¾øÀÌ ¿£ÁøÀ» Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, À̰ÍÀº ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò ÀúÀåÅÊÅ©°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¿£ÁøÀ» µ¹¸± ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary power supply for providing D.C. pulsed signals such as those illustrated in FIGS. 4a-4c to the electrodes illustrated in FIGS. 1-3. As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, any other power supply which is capable of providing the pulsed signals discussed above can be substituted therefor.
±×¸² 5´Â ±×¸² 4a-4cÀÇ Á÷·ùÆÞ½ºÆÄÇüÀ» ±×¸² 1-3ÀÇ Àü±Ø¿¡ °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â ¸ð¹üȸ·ÎµµÀÌ´Ù. °ü·Ã ¼÷·ÃÀÚ´Â ½±°Ô ÀÌÇØÇϰÚÁö¸¸, À§¿¡¼­ ³íÀÇµÈ ÆÄÇüÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ È¸·ÎÇüŵµ À̰ÍÀ» ´ëüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

The power supply illustrated in FIG. 5 includes the following parts and their exemplary components or values:
±×¸² 5¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ ȸ·Îµµ´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ºÎǰÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.


    ______________________________________
    Astable circuit NE555 or equivalent logic circuit
    ______________________________________
    Resistor R2     10K
      Resistor R3 10K
      Resistor R4 10K
      Resistor R5 2.7K
      Resistor R6 2.7K
      Transistor TR1 2N3904
      Transistor TR2 2N3904
      Transistor TR3 2N3055 or any high speed, high
       current silicon switch
      Diode D2 1N4007
      Capacitors (not shown) Vcc by-pass capacitors as required.
    ______________________________________



The astable circuit is connected to the base of transistor TR1 through resistor R2. The collector of transistor TR1 is connected to voltage supply Vcc through resistor R5 and the base of transistor TR2 through resistor R3. The collector of transistor TR2 is connected to voltage supply Vcc through resistor R6 and the base of transistor TR3 through resistor R4. The collector of transistor TR3 is connect to one of the electrodes of the cell and diode D2. The emitters of transistors TR1, TR2, TR3 are connected to ground. Resistors R5 and R6 serve as collector loads for transistors TR1 and TR2, respectively. The cell serves as the collector load for transistor TR3. Resistors R2, R3 and R4 serve to respectively ensure that transistors TR1, TR2 and TR3 are saturated. The diode D2 protects the rest of the circuit from any induced back emf within the cell.
ÀÌ È¸·Î´Â ÀúÇ× R2¸¦ ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â ÀúÇ× R5¸¦ ÅëÇØ Àü¾Ð Vcc¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ°í ÀúÇ× R3¸¦ ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2ÀÇ º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â ÀúÇ× R6¸¦ ÅëÇØ Vcc¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ°í ÀúÇ× R4¸¦ ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3ÀÇ º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Àü±Ø°ú ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå D2¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù.  Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1, TR2, TR3ÀÇ ¿¡¹ÌÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â Á¢ÁöµÈ´Ù. ÀúÇ× R5¿Í R6´Â Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1°ú TR2ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅͺÎÇÏ·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ ºÎÇÏ·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀúÇ× R2, R3, R4´Â °¢°¢ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1, TR2, TR3 ÀÇ Æ÷È­¿ë·®À» Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå D2´Â ȸ·Î³»ÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹ß»ý°¡´ÉÇÑ ¿ª±âÀü·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¸ÓÁö ȸ·Î¸¦ º¸È£ÇÑ´Ù.

The astable circuit is used to generate a pulse train at a specific time and with a specific mark-space ratio. This pulse train is provided to the base of transistor TR1 through resistor R2. Transistor TR1 operates as an invert switch. Thus, when the astable circuit produces an output pulse, the base voltage of the transistor TR1 goes high (i.e.,close to Vcc or logic 1). Hence, the voltage level of the collector of transistor TR1 goes low (i.e.,close to ground or logic 0).
ÀÌ È¸·Î´Â ƯÁ¤ÀÇ µàƼºñ¸¦ °®´Â ÆÞ½º¿­Â÷¸¦ ÀÏÁ¤½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ¹ß»ý½Ã۴µ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÞ½º¿­Â÷´Â ÀúÇ× R2¸¦ ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ·Î °ø±ÞµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1Àº ÀιöÅͽºÀ§Ä¡·Î½á ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ȸ·Î°¡ output ÆÞ½º¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ã۸é,Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ º£À̽º Àü¾ÐÀº ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù ( Vcc·Î ¿¬°á, ¶Ç´Â logic 1). ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1 Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚÀÇ voltage levelÀº ³·¾ÆÁø´Ù (Á¢Áö·Î ¿¬°á, ¶Ç´Â logic 0).

Transistor TR2 also operates as an inverter. When the collector voltage of transistor TR1 goes low, the base voltage of transistor TR2 also goes low and transistor TR2 turns off. Hence, the collector voltage of transistor TR2 and the base voltage of Transistor TR3 go high. Therefore, the transistor TR3 turns on in accordance with the mark-space ratio set forth by the astable circuit. When the transistor TR3 is on, one electrode of the cell is connected to Vcc and the other is connected to ground through transistor TR3. Thus, the transistor TR3 can be turned on (and off) and therefore the transistor TR3 effectively serves as a power switch for the electrodes of the cell.
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2 ¿ª½Ã ÀιöÅͷνá ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1 Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚÀÇ Àü¾ÐÀÌ ³·¾ÆÁö¸é, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2ÀÇ º£À̽º´ÜÀÚ Àü¾Ð ¶ÇÇÑ ³·¾ÆÁö°í Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2´Â offµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR2ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍÀü¾Ð°ú Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3ÀÇ º£À̽ºÀü¾ÐÀº ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3´Â ÀÌȸ·ÎÀÇ µàƼºñ ¼ÂÆÃ¿¡ µû¶ó on µÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3°¡ on µÇ¸é, ÇϳªÀÇ Àü±ØÀÌ Vcc¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ°í ´Ù¸¥ ÇϳªÀÇ Àü±ØÀº Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3¸¦ ÅëÇØ Á¢Áö¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3´Â on°ú off¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR3´Â Àü±Ø¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÆÄ¿ö½ºÀ§Ä¡·Î½áÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

FIGS. 6-8 illustrate additional embodiments of the cell which are similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3, respectively. However, each of embodiments of FIGS. 6-8 further includes a coil 104 arranged above the electrodes and power supply terminals 107 connected to the coil 104. The dimensions of the coil 104 can be, for example, 5.times.7 cm and have, for example, 1500 turns. The coil 104 is submerged under the surface of the water 110.
±×¸² 6~8Àº °¢°¢ ±×¸² 1~3°ú À¯»çÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â Àü±ØÀÇ À­ºÎºÐ¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÚÀÏ 104¿Í ÄÚÀÏ 104¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ Àü¿ø°ø±Þ´ÜÀÚ 107À» Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÄÚÀÏÀÇ ±Ô°ÝÀº ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î 5 * 7 cm, Åϼö´Â 1500 À» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÄÚÀÏ 104´Â ¹° 110ÀÇ ¼ö¸é ¾Æ·¡ Àá±ä´Ù.

The embodiments of FIGS. 6-8 further include an optional switch 121 which can be switched on or off by the user. When the switch 121 is not closed, then the cell forms basically the same structure as FIGS. 1-3 and thus can be operated in the same manner described in FIGS. 1-3 to produce orthohydrogen and oxygen. When the switch 121 is closed, the additional coil 104 makes the cell capable of producing oxygen and either (1) parahydrogen or (2) a mixture of parahydrogen and orthohydrogen.
±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ Çʿ信 µû¶ó on/off ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½ºÀ§Ä¡ 121À» Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ºÀ§Ä¡ 121ÀÌ ¿­·ÁÀÖÀ¸¸é, ÀåÄ¡´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í ¶È°°Àº ÇüŰ¡ µÇ°í, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í ¶È°°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿À» ÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÀ§Ä¡ 121ÀÌ ´ÝÈ÷¸é, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÄÚÀÏ 104°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ¿© »ê¼Ò¿Í (1) Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò, ¶Ç´Â »ê¼Ò¿Í (2) Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¿Í Á¤¼ö¼ÒÀÇ È¥Çձ⸦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

When the switch 121 is closed (or not included), the coil 104 is connected through terminals 106 and the switch 121 (or directly connected only through terminals 106) to a power supply so that the coil 104 can a receive a pulsed signal. As will be discussed below, this power supply can be formed by the circuit illustrated in FIG. 9.
½ºÀ§Ä¡ 121ÀÌ ´ÝÈ÷¸é, ÄÚÀÏ 104´Â ´ÜÀÚ 106°ú ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÄÚÀÏÀº ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ¼³¸íµÈ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ÀÌ Àü¿ø°ø±Þȸ·Î´Â ±×¸² 9¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÀÖ´Â ÇüŰ¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

When the coil 104 and the electrodes 105a, 105b receive pulses, it is possible to produce bubbles of parahydrogen or a mixture of parahydrogen and orthohydrogen. The bubbles are formed and float to the surface of the water 110 as discussed in FIGS. 1-3. When the coil is pulsed with a higher current, a greater amount of parahydrogen is produced. Moreover, by varying the voltage of the coil 104, a greater/lesser percentage of orthohydrogen/parahydrogen can be produced. Thus, by controlling the voltage level, current level and frequency (discussed below) provided to the coil 104 (and the parameters such as voltage level, current level, frequency, mark-space ratio and waveform provided to the electrodes 105a, 105b as discussed above) the composition of the gas produced by the cell can be controlled. For example, it is possible to produce only oxygen and orthohydrogen by simply disconnecting the coil 104. It is also possible to produce only oxygen and parahydrogen by providing the appropriate pulsed signals to the coil 104 and the electrodes 105a, 105b. All of the benefits and results discussed in connection with the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3 are equally derived from the embodiments of FIGS. 6-8. For example, the cells of FIGS. 6-8 are self-pressurizing, require no-chemical catalyst, do not greatly heat the water 110 or cell, and produce a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen gases from a modest amount of input power, without bubbles on the electrodes.
ÄÚÀÏ 104¿Í Àü±Ø 105a, 105b°¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é, Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò ¶Ç´Â Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¿Í Á¤¼ö¼ÒÀÇ È¥ÇÕ±âÆ÷¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±âÆ÷´Â ±×¸² 1~3¿¡ ¼³¸íÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹° 110ÀÇ ¼ö¸é À§·Î ¶°¿À¸¥´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÄÚÀÏÀÌ ´õ ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ Àü·ù·Î ÆÞ½º¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é, ´õ ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò°¡ ¹ß»ýµÈ´Ù. ´õÇÏ¿©, ÄÚÀÏ 104¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â Àü¾ÐÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Á¤¼ö¼Ò/Ⱦ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ºñÀ²À» Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ÄÚÀÏ 104¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â Àü¾Ð°ú Àü·ù, Á֯ļö (¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íµÊ)¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¶Ç´Â À§¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇÑ Àü±Ø 105a, 105b¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â Àü¾Ð, Àü·ù, Á֯ļö, µàƼºñ¿Í ÆÄÇüÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â °¡½ºÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ÄÚÀÏ 104¸¦ ºÐ¸®ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´Ü¼øÈ÷ »ê¼Ò¿Í Á¤¼ö¼Ò¸¸À» »ý»êÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÄÚÀÏ 104¿Í Àü±Ø 105a,105b¿¡ °¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á »ê¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò¸¸À» »ý»êÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 1~3ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç À̵æ°ú °á°ú´Â ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ ±¸Á¶·Î ºÎÅ͵µ ¶È°°ÀÌ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é, ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â ½º½º·Î °¡¾ÐµÇ°í, È­ÇÐÃ˸ÅÁ¦°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¹°°ú ÀåÄ¡¿¡ Å« ¿­À» ¹ß»ý½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê°í, Àü±Ø¿¡ ´Þ¶óºÙ´Â ±âÆ÷¾øÀÌ ÀÛÀº ÆÄ¿ö·Î ´ë¿ë·®ÀÇ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

A considerable amount of time must pass before the next pulse provides current to the coil 104. Hence, the frequency of the pulsed signal is much lower than that provided to the electrodes 105a, 105b. Accordingly, with the type of coil 104 having the dimensions described above, the frequency of pulsed signals can be as high as 30 Hz, but is preferably 17-22 Hz to obtain optimal results.
ÄÚÀÏ 104¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â ÆÞ½º»çÀÌ¿¡ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£°£°ÝÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ Á֯ļö´Â Àü±Ø 105a, 105b¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ³·´Ù.  µû¶ó¼­, À§¿¡ ¼³¸íÇÑ ÄÚÀÏ 104ÀÇ ±Ô°Ý°ú ÇÔ²², ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ Á֯ļö´Â 30 Hz±îÁö °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀûÀýÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­´Â 17-22 Hz°¡ ¾Ë¸Â´Ù.

Parahydrogen is not as highly combustible as orthohydrogen and hence is a slower burning form of hydrogen. Thus, if parahydrogen is produced by the cell, the parahydrogen can be coupled to a suitable device such as a cooker or a furnace to provide a source of power or heat with a slower flame.
Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò´Â Á¤¼ö¼Òó·³ ³ôÀº ¿¬¼ÒƯ¼ºÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¼ö¼ÒÀÇ ´À¸° ¿¬¼Ò ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¸¸¾à Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò°¡ ¹ß»ýµÈ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ È¾¼ö¼Ò´Â ¿ä¸®±â±¸(°¡½º·»Áöµî)³ª ¿ë±¤·Îµî¿¡ ¾Ë¸ÂÀº ¿¬·á·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¶Ç´Â ´À¸° ¿¬¼Ò¸¦ °®´Â ³­¹æ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary power supply for providing D.C. pulsed signals such as those illustrated in FIGS. 4a-4c to the electrodes illustrated in FIGS. 6-8. Additionally, the power supply can provide another pulsed signal to the coil. As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, any other power supply which is capable of providing the pulsed signals discussed above to the electrodes of the cell and the coil can be substituted therefor. Alternatively, the pulsed signals provided to the electrodes and the coil can be provided by two separate power supplies.
±×¸² 9´Â ±×¸² 6~8ÀÇ Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÖ´Â ±×¸² 4a-4c¿Í °°Àº Á÷·ùÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¸ð¹üȸ·ÎµµÀÌ´Ù. Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ È¸·Î´Â ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. °ü·ÃºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¼÷·ÃÀÚ´Â ½±°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸, ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ È¸·Î¶óµµ Àü±Ø°ú ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ µ¿ÀÏÀÇ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÙ¼ö¸¸ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ëüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î, Àü±Ø°ú ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ º°µµ Àü¿øÈ¸·Î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

The portion of the power supply (astable circuit, R2-R6, TR1-TR3, D2) providing a pulsed signal to the electrodes of the cell is identical to that illustrated in FIG. 5. The power supply illustrated in FIG. 9 further includes the following parts and their respective exemplary values:
Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÀÌ Àü¿ø°ø±Þȸ·Î´Â ( R2-R6, TR1-TR3, D2) ±×¸² 5ÀÇ È¸·Î¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸² 9¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ Àü¿ø°ø±Þȸ·Î´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ºÎǰÀ» Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.


    ______________________________________
    Divide by N counter
                  4018 BPC or equivalent logic circuit
      Monostable circuit NE 554 or equivalent logic circuit
      Resistor R1 10K
      Transistor TR4 2N3055 or any high speed high current
       silicon switch
      Diode D1 1N4007.
    ______________________________________



The input of the divide by N counter (hereinafter "the divider") is connected to the collector of transistor TR1. The output of the divider is connected to the monostable circuit and the output of the monostable circuit is connected to the base of transistor TR4 through resistor R1. The collector of the transistor TR4 is connected to one end of the coil and a diode D1. The other end of the coil and the diode D1 is connected to the voltage supply Vcc. The resistor Ri ensures that TR4 is fully saturated. The diode D2 prevents any induced back emf generated within the coil from damaging the rest of the circuit. As illustrated in FIGS. 6-8, a switch 121 can also incorporated into the circuit to allow the user to switch between (1) a cell which produces orthohydrogen and oxygen, and (2) a cell which produces at least parahydrogen and oxygen.
N counter (ÀÌÈķδ "µð¹ÙÀÌ´õ"·Î Ç¥½Ã)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³ª´©¾îÁø ÀÔ·ÂÀº Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. µð¹ÙÀÌ´õÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀº ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×ÀÌºí ¼­Å¶°ú ¿¬°áµÇ°í ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×ÀÌºí ¼­Å¶ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀº ÀúÇ× R1À» ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4ÀÇ º£À̽º¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍ´ÜÀÚ´Â ÄÚÀÏÀÇ ÇÑ ÂÊ ³¡°ú ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå D1¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. ÄÚÀÏÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÂÊ ³¡°ú ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå D1Àº Vcc¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. ÀúÇ× Ri´Â Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4ÀÇ Æ÷È­¿ë·®À» ¸¸Á·ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå D2´Â ÄÚÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿ª±âÀü·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¸ÓÁö ȸ·Î¸¦ º¸È£ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸² 6~8¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ½ºÀ§Ä¡121ÀÌ »ç¿ëÀÚ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý (1)Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò, ±×¸®°í (2)ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ È¾¼ö¼Ò¿Í »ê¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

The high/low switching of the collector voltage of the transistor TR1 provides a pulsed signal to the divider. The divider divides this pulsed signal by N (where N is a positive integer) to produce an pulsed output signal. This output signal is used to trigger the monostable circuit. The monostable circuit restores the pulse length so that it has a suitable timing. The output signal from the monostable circuit is provided to the base of the transistor TR4 through resistor R1 to switch the transistor TR4 on/off. When the transistor TR4 is switched on, the coil is placed between Vcc and ground. When the transistor TR4 is switched off, the coil is disconnected from the rest of the circuit. As discussed in conjunction with FIGS. 6-8, the frequency of pulse signal provided to the coil is switched at a rate preferably between 17-22 Hz; i.e.,much lower than the frequency of the pulsed signal provided to the electrodes.
Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR1ÀÇ Ä÷ºÅÍÀü¾ÐÀ» ³ôÀÌ°í ³·ÃãÀ¸·Î½á µð¹ÙÀÌ´õ¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁÙ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. µð¹ÙÀÌ´õ´Â ÀÌ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ N (¾çÀÇ Á¤¼ö¹è)À¸·Î ³ª´©¾î Ãâ·Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ »ý»êÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Ãâ·Â½ÅÈ£´Â ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×À̺í ȸ·Î¸¦ °¡µ¿½Ã۴µ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×À̺í ȸ·Î´Â ÀÌ ÆÞ½ºÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ º¹¿øÇÏ¿© ÀûÀýÇÑ Å¸À̹ÖÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×À̺í ȸ·Î¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â Ãâ·Â½ÅÈ£´Â ÀúÇ× R1À» ÅëÇØ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4ÀÇ º£À̽º¿¡ Àü´ÞµÊÀ¸·Î½á Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4¸¦ on/off ½ÃŲ´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4°¡ onµÇ¸é, ÄÚÀÏÀº Vcc¿Í Á¢Áö »çÀÌ¿¡ ³õ¿©Áø´Ù. Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ TR4°¡ offµÇ¸é, ÄÚÀÏÀº ȸ·Î·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®µÈ´Ù. ±×¸² 6~8°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ Á֯ļö´Â 17-22 Hz°¡ Àû´çÇϸç, Àü±Ø¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â ÆÞ½ºÁ֯ļö º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ³·´Ù.

As indicated above, it is not required that the circuit (divider, monostable circuit, R1, TR4 and D1) providing the pulsed signal to the coil be connected to the circuit (astable circuit, R2-R6, TR1-TR3, D2) providing the pulsed signal to the electrodes. However, connecting the circuits in this manner will provide an easy way to initiate the pulsed signal to the coil.
À§¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íµÈ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Áִ ȸ·Î (µð¹ÙÀÌ´õ, ¸ð³ë½ºÅ×À̺í ȸ·Î, R1, TR4, D1)°¡ Àü±Ø¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ Áִ ȸ·Î (astable ȸ·Î, R2-R6, TR1-TR3, D2)¿Í ¿¬°áµÉ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áµÈ ȸ·Î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÄÚÀÏ¿¡ ÆÞ½º½ÅÈ£¸¦ ½±°Ô ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.

A working prototype of the present invention has been successfully built and operated with the exemplary and optimal parameters indicated above to generate orthohydrogen, parahydrogen and oxygen from water. The output gas from the prototype has been connected by a tube to the manifold inlet of a small one cylinder gasoline engine, with the carburetor removed, and has thus successfully run such engine without any gasoline.
ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦Ç°Àº ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦À۵ǰí ÀÛµ¿µÇ¾î À§¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅ͸¦ °¡Áö°í ¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤¼ö¼Ò¿Í Ⱦ¼ö¼Ò, »ê¼Ò¸¦ »ý»êÇØ ³»¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÁ¦Ç°À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý»êµÈ °¡½º¸¦ Ä«ºÎ·¹Å͸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ ÀÛÀº 1±âÅë °¡¼Ö¸°¿£Áø¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ °á°ú, °¡¼Ö¸°ÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾øÀÌ ¿£ÁøÀ» ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and representative devices shown and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
°ü·Ã ¼÷·ÃÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ À̵æ°ú °³¼±ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ ¹ß¸íǰÀº À̰÷¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ ´ëÇ¥Àû ¸ðµ¨°ú ¼¼ºÎ»çÇ׿¡ Á¦ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, ±â Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÀÌ ¹ß¸íÀÇ ±âº»Á¤½Å°ú ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ÀÌÅ»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °³¼±ÀÌ À̿췯Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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