THE FINAL SECRET OF FREE ENERGY
a 1993 T. E. Bearden (The Tom Bearden)
A.D.A.S.
P.O. Box 1472
Huntsville, AL 35807
February 9, 1993
(slightly revised March 23, 1993)
Foreword ¼¹®
This paper contains the real secret of tapping the vacuum energy very simply, using almost any source of potential (battery, electrostatic generator a la Swiss electrostatic device (the Testatika), elevated wire w[ith]/250 V/m in the earth/ionosphere potential, etc). The objective is for the moderately technical reader to understand how to build and understand not only a single device, but also hundreds of different kinds of them. While it is quite simple, the "magic principle" contained in this paper only took me some 30 years to discover.
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ÀÌ ¹®¼¿¡´Â ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ÆÄ¿ö¼Ò½º(battery, electrostatic generator a la Swiss electrostatic device (the Testatika), elevated wire w[ith]/250 V/m in the earth/ionosphere potential, etc)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϴ°ø°£¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ½Çü¸¦ °£´ÜÈ÷ ¹àÈ÷´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾîÀÖ´Ù. ¸ñÀûÀº ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ ±â¼úÁö½ÄÀ» °¡Áø µ¶ÀÚ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¾î´À ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡¸¸À» Á¦ÀÛÇϰí ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °Í »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼ö¹é°¡ÁöÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ ÀåÄ¡µéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϰí Á¦ÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹«Ã´À̳ª ´Ü¼øÇÔ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ÀÌ "¸¶¼úÀÇ ¿ø¸®"´Â ³»°¡ ¹ß°ßÇϴµ¥ 30³âÀÇ ¼¼¿ùÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çß´Ù.
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The precise definitions necessary to understand the free energy rationale are included. Also included are some very simple pseudo equations for the process. Do not underestimate these simple pseudo equations -- they tell the tale that's needed.
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ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö ¿ø¸®¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ Á¤Àǵ鵵 Æ÷ÇԵǾú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °úÁ¤À» À§ÇÑ ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÑ ¸î °³ÀÇ °¡»óÀÇ ¹æÁ¤½Äµµ Æ÷ÇԵǾú´Ù. ÀÌ °¡»óÀÇ ¹æÁ¤½ÄµéÀ» °ú¼ÒÆò°¡ÇÏÁö ¸»±â¸¦ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼³¸íµéÀ» ÇØÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Also, there has been little or no time to "dress up" the paper. It's simply written down very informally, to get the necessary points across.
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¶ÇÇÑ À̰÷¿¡´Â Àå½ÄµÇ°Å³ª ²Ù¸çÁø ³»¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. À̰ÍÀº °Ý½Ä¿¡ ±¸¾Ö¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Çٽɸ¸À» °Å·ÐÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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Nearly everything fundamental that we've been taught about EM energy is wrong or incomplete. Even the definition of energy in physics is wrong! Let me summarize a few of the things that are wrong with the classical electromagnetics (CEM) model as follows: CEM is still utilizing a model based on a material ether. Although the Michelson-Morley experiment destroyed the material ether assumption in 1887, the classical EM model has never been corrected. It also contains no definition of charge, and no definition of potential. In many cases, algorithms to calculate a magnitude are boldfacedly and erroneously advanced as "definitions."
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¿ì¸®°¡ ¹è¿î ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö(EM energy)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ±âÃÊ´Â À߸øµÇ¾îÀְųª ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÏ´Ù. ¹°¸®Çп¡¼ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ Á¶Â÷ À߸øµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù! °íÀü ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐclassical electromagnetics(CEM)ÀÇ ¸ðµ¨¿¡¼ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ» Á¤¸®Çغ¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. CEMÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¹°Áú¿¡Å׸£¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ¸ðµ¨À» »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. 1887³â¿¡ Michelson-MorleyÀÇ ½ÇÇè¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹°Áú¿¡Å׸£ °¡¼³ÀÌ ºØ±«µÇ¾úÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, °íÀü ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐÀº ¾î¶² ¼öÁ¤µµ µÇ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÀüÇÏcharge¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¤Àǵµ Æ÷ÇԵǾîÀÖÁö ¾Ê°í, ÀüÀ§Â÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤Àǵµ ¾ø´Ù. ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì, ÃøÁ¤À» À§ÇÑ ¿¬»ê¹ýÀº »·»·½º·± ö¸éÇÇ Ã³·³ "Á¤ÀÇdefinitions"¶ó´Â °³³äÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàµÇ¾îÁ³´Ù.
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CEM still prescribes the force fields as the causes of all EM phenomena; it has been known since 1959 that forces are effects and not causes, that EM force fields exist only in and on the charged particles of mass in the physical system, and that the potentials are the primary causes of EM phenomena. The lack of definitive definitions of mass and force in mechanics is carried over into EM theory; there is no adequate definition of EM force or of EM mass. The magnitude of the electrical charge on an electron is not quantized. Instead, it is discretized, being a function of the magnitude of the virtual photon flux (VPF) exchange between the vacuum and the charged particle.
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CEMÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¸ðµç ÀüÀÚ±âÇö»óÀÌ force field °¡ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í ¹¦»çÇÑ´Ù; 1959³â ÀÌ·¡·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø »ç½ÇÀº ÈûÀº È¿°úÀÌÁö ¿øÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ÀüÀÚ±â·ÂÀåÀº ´ëÀüµÈ ÀÔÀÚ³ª ¹°Áú ³»¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼¸¸ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϰí, ±× ÀüÀ§Â÷´Â ¸ðµç ÀüÀÚ±â Çö»óÀÇ ÀÏÂ÷Àû ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°Áú°ú Èû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °áÁ¤Àû Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ºÎÁ·ÀÌ ÀüÀÚ±â À̷п¡µµ ±×´ë·Î Àû¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀüÀÚ±â·Â°ú ÀüÀڱ⠹°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¤Àǵµ ¾ø´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ ÀüÀÚ°¡ °®´Â ÀüÇÏÀÇ ·®Àº ¾çÀÚȵÇÁö ¸øÇϰínot quantized, ´ë½Å ºÐ¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù discretized.- Áø°ø°ú ´ëÀüÀÔÀÚ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ±³È¯µÇ´Â vitual photon flux(VPF)Å©±âÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ¸·Î.
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When the charged particle is placed in a potential that differs from ambient, then the magnitude of the VPF -- and hence the magnitude of the electric charge on the electron -- is altered. CEM notion that EM force fields and force field waves exist in vacuum is totally false. Only potentials and potential gradients exist in the vacuum. EM waves in vacuum are not force field waves as CEM prescribes; instead, they are oscillations of potentials and potential gradients. Potentials have a bidirectional EM wave-pair structure, where the bidirectional wave pairs are phaselocked in a harmonic series.
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´ëÀüµÈ ÀÔÀÚ°¡ ´Ù¸¥ °ø°£ ÀüÀ§¸¦ °®´Â °÷¿¡ ³õ¿©Áö¸é,VPFÀÇ ¾ç--±×·¯´Ï±î ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÀüÇÏ·®--Àº º¯È¯µÈ´Ù. °íÀü ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐÀÇ "Áø°ø empty vacuum" °¡¼³Àº Çö´ëÀÇ ¾çÀÚ¿ªÇп¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆÇ¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù. °íÀü ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐÀÇ °ø°£¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÀüÀÚ±â·Â Àå°ú force fieldÀÇ °³³äÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ À߸øµÇ¾ú´Ù. °ø°£¿¡´Â ´ÜÁö ÀüÀ§potentials ¿Í ÀüÀ§°æ»çpotential gradients ¸¸ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. °ø°£¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ´Â °íÀü ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â force field wave°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù; ´ë½Å, ±×°ÍÀº ÀüÀ§¿Í ÀüÀ§°æ»çÀÇ Áøµ¿oscillationsÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀ§´Â µÎ ¹æÇâÀÇ ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ¸¦ °®´Â´Ù bidirectional EM wave-½Ö±¸Á¶pair structure, ÀÌ ½ÖÀÇ ¾ç¹æÇâ ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ´Â ¼·Î Á¶È·Ó°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ùbidirectional EM wave pairs are phaselocked in a harmonic series.
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In each wave pair, photons and antiphotons are continually coupling (into spin-2 gravitons) and decoupling. This is where gravitation and electromagnetics are unified. The CEM notion that singular EM forces exist in either matter or the vacuum is false; Newton's third law requires that all forces exist in oppositive pairs. Not a single one of the equations universally taught as "Maxwell's equations" ever appeared in any book or paper by James Clerk Maxwell; instead, they are Oliver Heaviside's equations. Maxwell's actual theory was written in quaternions, which is a complete system of mathematics.
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°¢°¢ ÇѽÖÀÇ ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ¿¡¼´Â, ¾çÀÚphotons¿Í ¹Ý¾çÀÚantiphotons°¡ °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¼·Î ¦Áþ±â¿Í ºÐ¸®¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù.coupling(into spin-2 gravitons) and decoupling. À̰ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î Á߷°ú ÀüÀÚ±â·ÂÀÌ ÇÕÃÄÁö´Â °÷ÀÌ´Ù. °íÀü ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ø°£À̳ª ¹°Áú¿¡´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÀüÀÚ±â·Â¸¸ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â °³³äÀº Ʋ¸° °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ´ºÅæÀÇ Á¦ 3¹ýÄ¢Àº ¸ðµç ÈûÀº ¼·Î ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â ÇÑ ½ÖÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇØ¾ß ÇÔÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. "¸Æ½ºÀ£ ¹æÁ¤½Ä"¿¡¼ ó·³ ¾î´À ÇÑÂʸ¸ÀÇ ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀº ¼¼»ó ¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ø°í, Á¦ÀÓ½º Ŭ·° ¸Æ½ºÀ£ÀÇ Ã¥ ¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ø´Ù; ´ë½Å ±×°ÍÀº Oliver HiavisideÀÇ ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀÌ´Ù. ¸Æ½ºÀ£ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÌ·ÐÀº ¼öÇÐÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÎ 4¿ø¼öquaternions ¿¡ ¾²¿©Á® ÀÖ´Ù.
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The Heaviside/Gibbs vector version
(1) has a lower topology,
(2) is not a complete system of mathematics, and
(3) actually captured only a subset of Maxwell's actual theory.
Tensor theory does not recapture that which was lost.
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The Heaviside/Gibbs vector´Â (1)³·Àº À§»ótopologyÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, (2) ¼öÇÐÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, (3)½ÇÁ¦ ¸Æ½ºÀ£ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ÇѺκи¸À» Â÷ÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÅÙ¼tonsorÀÌ·ÐÀº ÀÒ¾î ¹ö¸° °ÍÀ» ´Ù½Ã Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
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There are even more errors in CEM, but these should suffice to make the point: Classical electromagnetics theory is seriously flawed, with archaic foundations, riddled with errors, and it should be completely redone. Until this revamping of CEM is accomplished, the present model solidly blocks free energy, antigravity, a unified physical field theory, and a unified theory of mind and matter interaction.
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°íÀüÀüÀÚ±âÇп¡´Â À̺¸´Ù ÈξÀ ¸¹Àº ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÇÙ½ÉÀ» ¤¾î³»´Âµ¥´Â À̰ÍÀ¸·Î ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù°í º»´Ù; °íÀüÀüÀÚ±â ÀÌ·ÐÀº ³°Àº ±â¹Ý°ú, ¼ö¼ö²²³¢°°Àº ¿À·ù¸¦ °¡Áö°í, ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô À߸øµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °íÀüÀüÀÚ±âÇÐÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¼öÁ¤ÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸® µÇ±âÀü ±îÁö, ÇöÀçÀÇ ¸ðµ¨Àº ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö, ¹ÝÁß·Â, ÅëÀÏÀåÀÌ·Ð, ±×¸®°í ¸¶À½°ú ¹°ÁúÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÇÕÀÌ·ÐÀ» °·ÂÈ÷ Â÷´ÜÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.
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A second paper this year will detail the exact long-term causative mechanism for cancer and leukemia, and the exact mechanism for essentially 100% cure of terminal tumors in laboratory animals, demonstrated by the Priore team in France in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The same mechanism can be used to cure AIDS.
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µÎ ¹øÂ° ¹®°Ç¿¡¼´Â ¾Ï°ú ¹éÇ÷º´À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â Àå±âÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀ» ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°í, ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ Priore ÆÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1960³â´ë ¸»¿¡¼ 1970³â´ë ÃÊ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ½ÇÇèµÇ¾îÁø ¾Ç¼ºÁ¾¾çÀÇ 100% Ä¡·á¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶È°°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ AIDS¸¦ Ä¡·áÇϴµ¥¿¡µµ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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Throughout the world, humankind is suffering. In the poor populations of the world, early death is the norm, as is frequent famine. One third of the human race goes to bed hungry each night. Protein starvation of children is common. One third of the human race is infected with worms. Many other diseases ravage the far-flung poor peoples of the world. They have little or no industries. They have no abundant electrical power. They have little education, and little modern knowledge. They have little or no medical treatment. In short, they are born without hope; live in misery, filth, disease, and poverty, and die without dignity.
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Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ °ÉÃÄ, Àηù´Â °íÅëÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. Àα¸°¡ ÀûÀº ¼¼°è¿¡¼´Â, ÀæÀº ÈäÀÛ°ú ±â¾Æ·Î ÀÏÂï Á×´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù. ÀηùÀÇ 1/3Àº ÁÖ¸°¹è¸¦ ¿òÄÑÁã°í ÀáÀ» Àھ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁú ºÎÁ·Àº ÀÏ»óÀûÀÌ´Ù. 1/3ÀÇ Àηù´Â ±â»ýÃæ¿¡ °¨¿°µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. ±âŸ ¸¹Àº Áúº´µéÀÌ ¸Ö¸® ³»´øÁ®Áø °¡³ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ȲÆó½Ã۰í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº °ÅÀÇ »ê¾÷½Ã¼³À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿©À¯ÀÖ´Â Àü·Âelectrical powerÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×µéÀº °ÅÀÇ ±³À°À» ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇß°í, Áö½ÄÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÇ·áÁö¿øÀ» °ÅÀÇ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. °£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»ÇØ, ±×µéÀº Èñ¸ÁÀ» »ó½ÇÇÑä žÙ; °íÅë°ú,ºÒ°á,°¡³ ¼Ó¿¡¼ »ì´Ù°¡ ±âº»Àû Á¸¾ö¼ºµµ °®Áö ¸øÇÑä Á״´Ù.
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Meanwhile, the factories, cities, and enclaves of the "developed and developing" worlds belch forth fumes, toxic and hazardous wastes, and pollutants. They also spew forth weaponry which for one reason or another is used to arm the poorer nations, for use in destroying themselves and their impoverished neighbors. Warfare, terror, banditry, despotism, and all the four horsemen of the Apocalypse are truly loosed in the earth.
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±×·¯´Â Áß¿¡µµ, ¼ÒÀ§ ¼±Áø±¹°ú °³¹ßµµ»ó ±¹°¡µéÀÇ °øÀå°ú, µµ½Ã¿Í, ¿µÅä¿¡¼´Â ¿ª°Ü¿î Æ®¸²°ú µ¶¼º°ú À¯Çع°ÁúÀ» »Õ¾î³»¸ç, ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¹«±â¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ¿© °¡³ÇÑ ³ª¶óµéÀ» ¹«Àå½Ã۸ç, ½º½º·Î¿Í ¿ª½Ã Èû¾ø´Â ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ °¡³ÇÑ ³ª¶óµéÀ» ÆÄ±«Çϵµ·Ï °øÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ÀüÀï, Å×·¯, ¾àÅ», µ¶Àç, ¹¬½Ã·Ï¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ³×¸íÀÇ ¸»Åº õ»ç°¡ ÁøÁ¤ ¸ðµÎ Áö»ó¿¡ ³»·Á¿Ô´Ù.
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We simply must do better than that. And we can do better than that! But to do better, we've got to make the basics available to impoverished nations, cheaply and easily. Primary among their needs are energy and medical treatment. Given those, populations can be stabilized, people educated, development begun, and the living standard drastically elevated.
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¿ì¸®´Â °£´ÜÈ÷ ±×º¸´Ù ³ªÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù! ±×·¯³ª ±× ÀÏÀ» ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¿ì¸®´Â °¡³ÇÑ ³ª¶óµé¿¡°Ô ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÁß¿¡ °¡Àå ¿ì¼±ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº, ¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í ÀÇ·áÁö¿øÀÌ´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü À̰͵éÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö¸é, Àα¸´Â ¾ÈÁ¤µÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ°í, »ç¶÷µéÀº ±³À°À» ¹Þ°í, °³¹ßÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵ǰí, »îÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÀº ȹ±âÀûÀ¸·Î »ó½ÂµÇ¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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So that is the immediate goal. In this paper, I am freely giving away what required me an arduous 30 years of my life to discover. Shortly we will also detail the new methodology for a new therapeutic science, hopefully to cure the diseases that ravage humanity.
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±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀº Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¸ñÇ¥ÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ ¹®¼¿¡¼, ¹ß°ßÇϱâ±îÁö 30³âÀÇ Èûµç ¼¼¿ùÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß´ø °ÍÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ³ª´©¾î ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àá½ÃÈÄ ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Àΰ£À» ȲÆóȽÃŰ´Â Áúº´À» Ä¡À¯ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ë °Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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God willing, this paper will trigger a thousand, or even ten thousand, scientists and engineers to develop overunity energy devices. If so, shortly we can rid our biosphere of noxious automobile and factory exhausts, radioactive nuclear wastes, and massive oil spills. We can remove many of the hydrocarbon combustion pollutants from the air, stop acid rain and the destruction of our forests, and stop the steady rise of carbon monoxide in our air. If that truly tends toward a "Greenhouse" effect, then we can halt that effect as well.
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½ÅÀÇ ÀÇÁö·Î, ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ¼öõÀÇ , ¾Æ´Ï ¼ö¸¸ÀÇ, °úÇÐÀÚµé°ú ±â¼úÀÚµéÀÌ overunity energy ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ´Â ±âÆøÁ¦°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô µÈ´Ù¸é, ¸ÓÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ýűǿ¡¼ µ¶¼ºÀ» ¹æÃâÇÏ´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿Í °øÀåÀÇ ¹èÃâ°ú, ¹æ»ç¼º ÇÙÆó±â¹°°ú, ±â¸§¿À¿°À» Á¦°Å½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â °ø±âÁß¿¡¼ ¿¬¼Òźȼö¼ÒÀÇ ¿À¿°À» Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, »ê¼ººñ¿Í ¼ö¸²ÀÇ ÆÄ±«¿Í ²ÙÁØÈ÷ »ó½ÂÇÏ´Â ÀÏ»êÈź¼ÒÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ ±×Ä¡°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀÌ Á¤¸» "¿Â½ÇÈ¿°ú"¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Á¤Áö½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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The Creator has always given us bountiful free electrical energy, everywhere, easily and readily for the simple taking. It has only been our own blindness and folly that have prevented us from seeing and using this free energy bounty.
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âÁ¶ÁÖ´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª Ç×»ó ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô dzºÎÇÑ ¹«·áÀÇ Àü±â¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾îµð¿¡¼°Ç ¿ì¸®´Â °£´ÜÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ½±°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÜÁö ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·¾Æ¿Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹«Áö¿Í ¿ìµÐÇÔ¸¸ÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
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So here is the final secret of abundant, free electrical energy. Please use the knowledge well and see that its benefits also accrue to those impoverished ones who need it so desperately. Remember the adage, "Inasmuch as you have done it to these little ones..."
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±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿©±â¿¡´Â dzºÎÇϰí ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î Àü±â¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ºñ¹ÐÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ºÎµð ÀÌ Áö½ÄÀ» Àß »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© À̰ÍÀ» °£ÀýÈ÷ ¿øÇÏ´Â ±¾ÁÖ¸° À̵鿡°Ô Èñ¸ÁÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö Àֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼Ó´ãÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ, "Inasmuch as you have done it to these little ones..."
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This is for those little ones. You are our brothers and sisters. We want you to live. And we want you to have a better quality of life, not just bare existence. We care.
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À̰ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ±× little ones¸¦ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦¿Í ÀڸŴÙ. ¿ì¸®´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ »ì±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´ÜÁö ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Á¸À縸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ º¸´Ù ³ªÀº »îÀÇ ÁúÀ» °®±â¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â µ¹º¼ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Tom Bearden
February 9, 1993
THE FINAL SECRET OF FREE ENERGY
a T. E. Bearden 1993
Some Definitions
¸î°¡Áö Á¤ÀÇ
The Quantum Mechanical Vacuum: First we need some definitions. We start by assuming the quantum mechanical vacuum.1 Empty "spacetime" is filled with an incredibly intense flux of virtual particles. It is a plenum, not an emptiness. We shall be interested only in the fantastic flux of virtual photons, for we are discussing electromagnetics.
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The Quantum Mechanical Vacuum: ù ¹øÂ°·Î, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ Á¤Àǰ¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. quantum mechanical vacuumÀ» °¡Á¤ÇÏ°í ½ÃÀÛÀ» ÇÏÀÚ. 1 Empty "spacetime"Àº ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ÀÔÀÚÀÇ È帧À¸·Î Ãæ¸¸µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. filled with an encredibly intense flux of virtual particles. À̰ÍÀº ºó ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¼ÓÀÌ ²Ë Âù ¹«¾ùÀÌ´Ù. It is a plenum, not an emptiness. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀüÀڱ⸦ ³íÀÇÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ±¤¾çÀÚÀÇ È¯»óÀûÀÎ È帧¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ Èï¹Ì¸¦ °¡Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Energy and Potential: Energy is any ordering, either static or dynamic, in the virtual particle flux of vacuum. EM energy is any ordering, either static or dynamic, in the virtual photon flux (VPF) of vacuum. That is, for a particular kind of "field" energy, we simply choose the so-called quantum particle of that field, and consider only that kind of virtual particle flux.
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Energy and Potential: ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¹è¿orderingÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤ÀûÀÌµç µ¿ÀûÀÌµç °ü°è¾øÀÌ,°ø°£Áß¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÔÀÚÀÇ È帧ÀÌ´Ù. virtual particle flux of vacuum. ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö´Â Á¤ÀûÀÌµç µ¿ÀûÀ̵ç, °ø°£ÁßÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ±¤¾çÀÚ È帧ÀÇ ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù. virtual photon flux(VPF) of vacuum. ±×°ÍÀº, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ "field"¿¡³ÊÁö¿¡¼, ¿ì¸®´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¼ÒÀ§ ±× fieldÀÇ ¾çÀû ÀÔÀÚquantum particle¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ÀÔÀÚÈ帧virtual particle flux ¸¸À» °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
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Potential is any ordering, either static or dynamic, in the virtual particle flux of vacuum. Hey! That's exactly the same definition as energy. Quite correct. Energy and potential are identically the same. Neither is presently defined correctly in physics.
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ÀüÀ§Â÷,À§Ä¡¿¡³ÊÁöPotential Àº ¾î¶² ¹è¿any orderingÀÌ´Ù. Á¤ÀûÀÌµç µ¿ÀûÀ̵ç, °ø°£ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÔÀÚÀÇ È帧ÀÌ´Ù. in the virtual flux of vacuum. ±×°ÍÀº Á¤È®È÷ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í ¶È°°Àº Á¤ÀÇÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù. ¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í potentialÀº ¿øÃµÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. µÑ´Ù ÇöÀç ¹°¸®¿¡¼ Á¤È®È÷ Á¤È®È÷ Á¤ÀǵǾîÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
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Energy is normally defined as "Energy is the capacity to do work." That's totally false. Energy has the capacity to do work, because work is correctly defined as the dissipation (disordering; scattering) of energy (order). The scattering of energy is work. It is not energy! I.e., energy is not definable as its own scattering!
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¿¡³ÊÁö´Â º¸Åë "ÀÏÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂEnergy is the capacity to do work."À¸·Î Á¤ÀǵȴÙ. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ÀÏÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÏÀ̶ó´Â °³³äÀÌ Á¤È®È÷ ¿¡³ÊÁö(¹è¿,Áú¼,ordering)ÀÇ ¼Ò»ê(È寮·¯Áü,¹«Áú¼È,disordering)À¸·Î Á¤ÀǵǾîÀֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¼Ò»êÀÌ ÀÏworkÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù! ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ±×°ÍÀÇ È寮·¯ÁüÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀǵǾîÁú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù!
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Look at it this way: A man has the capacity to catch fish. That is true, but it is not a definition, since a definition must in some sense be an identity. You cannot say that a man is the capacity to catch fish! That may be a submitted definition, all right, but it is false. Similarly, energy has the capacity to do work; that is one of its attributes. But energy IS the ordering in the VPF (we are referring from now on primarily only to EM).
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ÀÌ·±½ÄÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇØ º¸ÀÚ: »ç¶÷Àº ¹°°í±â¸¦ ÀâÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº Á¤Àǰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Á¤ÀÇ´Â ¾î¶² Á¤Ã¼¼ºidentityÀ» °¡Á®¾ß¸¸ Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº "»ç¶÷Àº »ý¼±À» ÀâÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ´Ù."¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Á¤ÀÇ·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇ¾îÁú ¼öµµ ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸, Ʋ¸° °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ, ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ÀÏÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù; ±×°ÍÀº ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ÇÑ °¡Áö ±â´ÉÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â VPFÀÇ ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù.(¿ì¸®´Â Áö±ÝºÎÅÍ ÀüÀڱ⿡ ´ëÇØ¼¸¸ ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ê °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
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Scalar and Vector Potentials: The scalar potential is any static (with respect to the external observer) ordering in the VPF of vacuum. The vector potential is any dynamic (with respect to the external observer) ordering in the VPF of vacuum. We shall be interested in the electrostatic scalar potential. So it is a static ordering -- a stationary template -- in the VPF of vacuum, much as a whirlpool is a stationary ordering (template, form) in the rushing flow of a river.
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Scalar and Vector Potentials: ½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀº °ø°£¼Ó VPFÀÇ ÀÏÀýÀÇ Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù.(¿ÜºÎÀÇ °üÃøÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼). º¤ÅÍÆ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀº °ø°£¼Ó VPFÀÇ ÀÏÀýÀÇ µ¿ÀûÀÎ ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù.(¿ÜºÎ °üÃøÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼). ¿ì¸®´Â Á¤Àü½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷ÅÙ¼Èelectrostatic scalar potential¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ Èï¹Ì¸¦ °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̰ÍÀº °ø°£¼Ó VPFÀÇ Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¹è¿--a stationary template--ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ Çö»óÀº È帣´Â °¹°¼Ó¿¡ »ý±â´Â Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¹è¿(template, form)ÀÌ´Ù.
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The Scalar Potential Has An Internal Structure
½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷Å×¼ÈÀº ³»ºÎ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
The Structure of the Scalar Potential: According to rigorous proofs by Whittaker2 and Ziolkowski,3 any scalar potential can be mathematically decomposed into a harmonic series of bidirectional wave pairs. Figure 1 shows this Whittaker/Ziolkowski (WZ) structure. In each pair, the forward-time wave is going in one direction, and its phase conjugate (time-reversed) replica wave is going in the other. According to the so-called distortion correction theorem4 of nonlinear phase conjugate optics, this PCR wave must precisely superpose spatially with its partner wave in the pair. The two waves are in-phase spatially, but 180 degrees out of phase in time. The wave is made of photons, and the antiwave (PCR wave) is made of antiphotons. It follows that, as wave and antiwave pass through each other, the photons and antiphotons are coupling and uncoupling with each other, because the antiphoton is a PCR photon, and PCR's precisely superpose spatially with their partner. A photon or antiphoton has wave characteristics, because it has a frequency; if the wave aspects are perfectly ordered and perfectly correlated, then so are the photon's particle aspects.
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½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀÇ ±¸Á¶: Whittaker °ú Ziolkowski ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ °ËÁõµÈ ¹Ù¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀº Á¶È·Ó°Ô ¿¬¼ÓµÇ´Â ¾ç¹æÇâÀÇ ½ÖÆÄÇüÀ¸·Î ¼öÇÐÀûÀÎ ºÐÇØ°¡ µÇ¾îÁø´Ù. decomposed into a harmonic series of bidirectional wave pairs. ±×¸²1Àº Whittaker/Ziolkowski(WZ)±¸Á¶¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ½ÖÀº, ¼±ÇàÆÄfoward-time wave°¡ ÇÑ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡°í, phaseÀÇ Á¢Á¡¿¡¼(time-reversed) º¹Á¦ÆÄreplica´Â ¹Ý´ë¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °£´Ù. ±¤Çп¡ Á¢¸ñµÇ´Â ºñ¼±Çü»óÀÇ ¿Ö°î¼öÁ¤¿ø¸®4¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ÀÌ PCR wave(Æú¸®¸Þ¶óÁ¦ ¿¬¼â¹ÝÀÀ wave)´Â ½ÖÀ¸·Î ±× »ó´ë¿Í ÇÔ²² °ø°£»ó¿¡ Á¤¹ÐÇÏ°Ô °ãÃÄ ³õ¾ÆÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ °³ÀÇ wave´Â °ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î °°Àº »óÀÌÁö¸¸, ½Ã°£ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â 180µµÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Â »óÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ wave´Â ±¤¾çÀÚphotons·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, antiwave(PCRwave)´Â antiphotonsÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤ÆÄwave¿Í ¹ÝÆÄantiwave°¡ ¼·Î ±³Â÷Çϸé, ±¤¾çÀÚ(±¤ÀÚ)¿Í ¹Ý±¤¾çÀÚ´Â ¼·Î ¦À» ÀÌ·ç¾ú´Ù ´Ù½Ã ºÐ¸®µÈ´Ù. ¹Ý±¤¾çÀÚ´Â PCR±¤¾çÀÚÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, PCRÀº °ø°£»ó¿¡¼ Á¤È®È÷ ±× »ó´ë¿Í °ãÃÄÁø´Ù. ±¤¾çÀÚ¿Í ¹Ý±¤¾çÀÚ´Â ÆÄµ¿Æ¯¼ºÀ» °®°í Àִµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº À̵éÀÌ Á֯ļö¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; ¸¸¾à ÆÄµ¿ÀÌ ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ¹è¿°ú ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» °¡Áø´Ù¸é, ÀÌ ±¤¾çÀÚ´Â ÀÔÀÚ¼ºÀ» °¡Áø´Ù.
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A Potential Is An Ordering Across the Universe: So we have -- astoundingly -- perfect VPF inner ordering infolded in the electrostatic scalar potential! We also have perfect wave/antiwave ordering infolded in there. When you collect a simple set of charges on a small ball or in a region, the scalar EM potential from that set of charges reaches across the universe. In it you have an infinite harmonic series of phase-locked time-forward EM waves going out from the charges to all distant points of the entire universe. And you have an infinite harmonic series of phase-locked time-reversed EM waves coming from all points of the universe, back to the "collected charges" source.
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Æ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀº ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ °¡·ÎÁö¸£´Â Áú¼ÀÇ ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù: ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ³î¶ó¿ó°Ôµµ Á¤Àü½ºÄ®¶ó Æ÷ÅÙ¼È µÑ·¯½Î¿© ÀÖ´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÑVPFÀÇ ¹è¿À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù! ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ±×°÷¿¡ °¨½Î¿©Á® ÀÖ´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ÆÄµ¿/¹ÝÆÄµ¿À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÛÀº °øÀ̳ª ¾î¶² ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÁöÁ¡¿¡ ÀüÇÏcharge¸¦ ¸ðÀº´Ù¸é, ±× ÀüÇϷκÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â ÀüÀڱ⠽ºÄ®¶óÆ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀº Àü ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ µµ´Þ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¾È¿¡¼ ´ç½ÅÀº ÀüÇϷκÎÅÍ Àü ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¸¼®À¸·Î »¸¾î³ª°¡´Â ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ-locked time-¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀº ¹Ý´ë·Î ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¸ðµç °÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀüÇÏ·Î ¸ð¿©µå´Â ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¹ÝÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ-locked time-¸¦ °®´Â´Ù.
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A Potential Is A River of Energy: The point is, you have established a mighty, hidden, 2-way river of energy between that collection of charges and every other point in the universe. There is infinite energy in each of those infolded waves and antiwaves. But in a localized region, the energy density in each wave is finite. Since in finite circuits the potential interacts with a localized set of mass, we shall be concerned with the local energy density (joules/coulomb) of the potential.
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Æ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀº ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ °ÀÌ´Ù: ¿äÁ¡Àº, ´ç½ÅÀº ¸ð¾ÆÁø ÀüÇÏ¿Í ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¸ðµç Á¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡ µÎ °³ÀÇ Åë·Î¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ¼û¾îÀÖ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ °À» °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌµé °¨½Î¿©Áø ÆÄµ¿°ú ¹ÝÆÄµ¿µéÀº ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾î¶² ÇÑÁ¤µÈ Áö¿ª¿¡¼´Â, °¢ ÆÄµ¿ ³»ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµ´Â Çѵµ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À¯ÇÑ È¸·Î¿¡¼ Æ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀº ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ¹°Áú°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇϹǷÎ, ¿ì¸®´Â Æ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀÇ ±¹ÁöÀû ¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ(joules/coulomb) ¿Í ¿¬°ü½ÃÄѾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
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But forget the conventional myth of visualizing the potential as pushing a unit charge in from infinity "against the force field" -- there isn't any force field in the vacuum, as is well-known in quantum mechanics. Also, Newton's third law requires all forces to occur in pairs -- each pair consisting of a force and its 3rd law reaction force. From that viewpoint alone, there is no such thing as an EM forcefield or force field wave in the vacuum. There are just gradients of the vacuum potential present in the vacuum. In the vacuum, an EM wave is actually a wave of the phase locked gradients of the electrostatic scalar potential and of the magnetostatic scalar potential. And each such gradient wave is simultaneously accompanied by its phase conjugate gradient wave, because of Newton's third law.
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±×·¯³ª ¾î¶² ¹°ÁúÀ» ¹«ÇÑÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃæÀü½ÃÄÑ Æ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀ» °¡½ÃÈ ÇÒ·Á´Â Á¾·¡ÀÇ ½ÅÈ´Â ÀØ¾î ¹ö·Á¶ó. "force field¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ´Âagainst the force field"--Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¾çÀÚ¿ªÇп¡¼´Â Áø°øÁß¿¡´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ force fieldµµ ¾ø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ,´ºÅÏÀÇ Á¦3¹ýÄ¢Àº ¸ðµç ÈûÀÌ ½ÖÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇØ¾ß ÇÔÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù.--ÈûÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ ½Ö°ú ±×°ÍÀÇ Á¦ 3 ¹ýÄ¢ÀÎ ¹ÝÀÛ¿ë·Â. ÀÌ Á¡ Çϳª·Î¸¸ º¼ ¶§, Áø°øÁß¿¡´Â ÀüÀÚ±âÀåEMforce field À̳ª ÈûÀÇ Àåforce field °°Àº °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù. Áø°øÁß¿¡´Â ´ÜÁö ±× Áø°øÀÌ °®´Â Æ÷ÅټȰæÇâgradients of the vacuum potential ¸¸ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Áø°ø ³»ºÎ¿¡¼,ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î °íÁ¤ °æ»ç¸¦ °¡Áø Á¤Àü ½ºÄ®¶ó Æ÷ÅټȰú Á¤Àڱ⠽ºÄ®¶ó Æ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀÇ ÆÄµ¿ÀÌ´Ù. In a vacuum, an EM wave is actually a wave of the phase locked gradients of the electrostatic scalar potential and of the magnetostatic scalar potential. ±×¸®°í ÀÌµé °¢°¢ÀÇ gradient wave´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ °°Àº gradient¸¦ °®´Â wave¿Í ÇÕÃÄÁ®¼ µ¿ÇàÇϸç, À̰ÍÀº ´ºÅÏÀÇ Á¦3 ¹ýÄ¢ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
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Newton's third law requires forces to occur in pairs of equal but antiparallel forces.
´ºÅÏÀÇ Á¦ 3 ¹ýÄ¢¿¡¼ ÈûÀº ÆòÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °°Àº ·®ÀÇ ½ÖÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Both wave and antiwave co-exist simultaneously in the vacuum EM wave.5 Therefore it's a stress potential wave, not a force field wave. It's more like an electromagnetic sound wave,6 and so it is a longitudinal wave, not a transverse wave. In the EM vacuum wave's interaction with matter (the so-called "photon" interaction), the wave normally half interacts with the electron shells of the atom, giving translation forces, while the anti-wave half interacts with the atomic nucleus, giving the Newtonian 3rd law reaction (recoil) forces (waves). The EM wave in vacuum is an electrogravitational wave.
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ÆÄµ¿wave°ú ¹ÝÆÄµ¿antiwaveÀÌ ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ°ø°£¿¡¼ Ç×»ó µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̰ÍÀº ÀÀ·Â Æ÷ÅÙ¼È ÆÄa stress potential wave À̰í, ·ÂÀåÆÄ a force field wave°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀüÀÚ±âÀå¿¡¼ ÆÄµ¿Àº ¹°Áú°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.(±¤¾çÀÚ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë"photon interactionÀ̶ó ºÎ¸£´Â) ÀÌ ÆÄµ¿Àº º¸Åë Àý¹ÝÁ¤µµ°¡ ¿øÀÚÀÇ ÀüÀÚÃþ°ú ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© ÈûÀ» »ý»êÇϰí, ±×·¯´Â Áß¿¡ ¹ÝÆÄµ¿anti-waveÀº Àý¹ÝÀÌ ¿øÀÚÇÙ°¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© ´ºÅÏÀÇ Á¦ 3 ¹ýÄ¢ ¹Ý·Âreaction(recoil) forces(waves)À» »ý»êÇÑ´Ù. Áø°øÁßÀÇ ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄ´Â ÀüÀÚ±âÁß·ÂÆÄelectrogravitational waveÀÌ´Ù.
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Energy Is Internally Infinite and Unlimited: A static potential -- which is identically excess energy -- is internally dynamic and infinite. Energy is internally infinite and unlimited! But it has a finite energy density in a local region of spacetime. Since energy interacts with matter locally, we shall be concerned with the local energy density (joules per coulomb).
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¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«ÇÑ ´ëÀÌ°í ¹«Á¦ÇÑÀÌ´Ù: Á¤ÀüÀ§A static potential--»ç½Ç»óÀÇ À׿©¿¡³ÊÁö--´Â ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀûÀÌ°í ¹«ÇÑ ´ëÀÌ´Ù. ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«ÇÑ ´ëÀÌ°í ¹«Á¦ÇÑÀÌ´Ù! ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ½Ã°£»óÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.it has a finite energy density in a local region of spacetime. ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ±¹ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î ¹°Áú°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇϹǷÎ, ¿ì¸®´Â ±¹Áö¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµlocal energy density¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.(joules per coulomb)
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A Principle of Great Importance: The only way you can have a "chunk" or finite amount of energy to dissipate in a circuit as work is to first have a potential's local energy density interact with a local finite mass collector. The normal interacting mass collector is the free electrons (the free electron gas) in the circuit. You can have, e.g., (joules/coulomb x coulomb); (joules/gram x grams); (joules/m3 x m3); etc.
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¾ÆÁÖ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÏÁ¤·®ÀÇ Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ȸ·Î³»¿¡¼ ¼Ò»ê½ÃÄÑ ÀÏÀ̶ó´Â ÇüŸ¦ ¾ò±âÀ§ÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ù°·Î ±¹ÁöÀû À¯ÇÑ Áú·® ¼öÁý±â(local finite mass collector)¿Í »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ±¹Áö¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµlocal energy density¸¦ °®´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¸ÅëÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ¹°Áú ¼öÁý±â´Â ȸ·Î ³»ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚfree electrons(the free electron gas)ÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº (joules/coulomb *coulomb); (joules/gram *grams); (joules/m3 *m3) µîÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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Voltage, Force, Potential Gradients, Loads, and Work: Now let's look at circuitry aspects. Conventionally they are a mess. Voltage is "essentially" defined as the "drop in potential." In other words, it's the dissipation (disordering) of a "finite amount" of potential gradient. But the only way you can get a "finite amount" of infinite energy/potential gradient is by first interacting the potential gradient's internal, finite, excess energy density with a finite "collector" mass. E.g., (joules/coulomb available for collection) x (coulombs collecting) = excess joules collected on the interacting coulombs, available for dissipation.
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Àü¾Ð, Èû, ÀüÀ§°æ»çpotential gradients, ºÎÇÏ, ±×¸®°í ÀÏ: ÀÌÁ¦ ȸ·Î ¹æ¸éÀ» »ìÆìº¸ÀÚ. º¸Åë ±×°ÍµéÀº º¹ÀâÇÏ´Ù. Àü¾ÐÀº "ÇʼöÀû"À¸·Î
"ÀüÀ§ÀÇ °ÇÏdrop in potential"·Î Á¤ÀÇ µÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, À̰ÍÀº "Á¦ÇÑµÈ ·®"ÀÇ potential gradient°¡
¼Ò»êdissipation(¹«Áú¼Èdisordering)ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö/potential gradient·ÎºÎÅÍ "À¯ÇÑÇÑ ¾ç"À» ¾ò´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ
¹æ¹ýÀº ù°·Î potential gradientÀÇ ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ, À¯ÇÑÇÑ, À׿©¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ¸¦ À¯ÇÑÇÑ "¼öÁý±âcollector" ¹°Áú°ú »óÈ£ ¹ÝÀÀ ½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(¼öÁý°¡´ÉÇÑ joules/coulomb)*(¼öÁýµÈ coulombs) = ¼Ò»êÀ» À§ÇØ À̿밡´ÉÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â Äð·Ò¿¡ ¸ð¾ÆÁø À׿© ÁÖ¿ï excess joules collected
on the interacting coulombs, available for dissipation.
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So voltage is really the dissipation of a finite collection of excess EM energy/potential gradient. The dissipation of potential or of its gradient is not potential! You cannot logically define either potential or energy as is own dissipation!
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±×·¯¹Ç·Î Àü¾ÐÀº ÁøÁ¤ ¼öÁýµÈ Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¾çÀÇ À׿©ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö/potential gradient°¡ ¼Ò»êÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Æ÷ÅÙ¼È ¶Ç´Â potential gradientÀÇ ¼Ò»êÀº potentialÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù! ´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀÇ ¼Ò»ê ÀÚü·Î Æ÷ÅÙ¼È ¶Ç´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù!
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We presently use the notion of "voltage" in two completely contradictory ways in electrical physics. Here's how we got the confusion: We take a potential gradient (which has a local energy density), and we "collect" it across some charged masses in a locality -- usually the free electrons in the free electron gas in our circuitry. That is, we express the finite energy density of the potential gradient (before collection onto charges) in the local region in terms of energy per coulomb. The potential gradient actually is a change to the ambient potential, and so it contains an excess energy density (the magnitude may be either positive or negative). We then collect this potential (actually this potential density) on a certain number of coulombs, which places tiny little gradients of potential across (coupled to) each free electron. The local excess energy density of the potential gradient multiplied by the amount of collecting mass gives the amount of excess energy collected (on the interacting charges/coulombs). On each collecting particle, that little gradient, together with the coupling particle, constitutes a tiny force. F is not just equal to ma (non relativistic case); instead, F º (ma), where (mass x acceleration) is considered as a unitary, inseparable thing. So that little potentialized electron (that little EM force) moves itself around the circuit. In the load (scatterer), the little potentialized electron (the little force) is subjected to jerks and accelerations, thus radiating energy (shucking its gradient). Since this is done in all directions in the scatterer (load), that gets rid of the gradient, reducing the "little force" (potentialized electron) to zero because the little potential gradient is lost due to radiation.
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¿ì¸®´Â ÇöÀç "Àü¾Ð"À̶ó´Â °³³äÀ» µÎ °¡Áö ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸ð¼øµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â ¿Ö ¿ì¸®°¡ È¥µ¿À» °¡Áö´ÂÁö ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù: ¿ì¸®´Â
potential gradient(±¹Áö¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµ¸¦ °¡Áö´Â)¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¸î¸î ÃæÀüµÈ ¹°ÁúÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯¼ ±×°ÍÀ» "¼öÁýcollect"ÇÑ´Ù -- º¸Åë
ȸ·Î ³» ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ°¡½ºfree electron gasÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚfree electrons. ±×°ÍÀº, ¿ì¸®´Â Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¿µ¿ª ³»ÀÇ potential gradient(¼öÁýµÇ±âÀü)ÀÇ
À¯ÇÑÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ energy/coulombÀÇ ¿ë¾î·Î ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ±× potential gradient´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ÁÖº¯ÀüÀ§ambient potential·ÎÀÇ º¯È °úÁ¤À̸ç, À̰ÍÀº
À׿©¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù(+ ¶Ç´Â - ¾î´ÀÂÊÀ¸·Îµµ ÃøÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù). ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ ÀüÀ§potential(½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ ÀüÀ§¹Ðµµpotential
density)À» ƯÁ¤°ªÀÇ couloumb°ªÀ¸·Î ¼öÁýÇÏ¿©, ÀÛÀº ÀüÀ§°æ»çgradients of potential¸¦ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í Â¦Áö¾î ÁØ´Ù?¿ªÁÖ?.
¼öÁý¹°ÁúÀÇ ¿ë·®¿¡ µû¶ó Áõ°¡µÈ potential gradientÀÇ ±¹ÁöÀ׿©¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµ´Â ¼öÁýµÈ ¸¸ÅÀÇ À׿©¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¹æÃâÇÑ´Ù(»óÈ£ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â
charges/coulombs »ó¿¡¼). °¢°¢ÀÇ ¼öÁýµÈ ÀÔÀÚ, little gradient´Â, ¦À» ÀÌ·ç´Â ÀÔÀÚ¿Í ÇÔ²², ÀÛÀº ÈûÀ» »ý»êÇÑ´Ù. F´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ma °¡
¾Æ´Ï´Ù(»ó´ë·ÐÀû °æ¿ì°¡ ¾Æ´Ô); ±× ´ë½Å, F º (ma), Áï (mass*acceleration)Àº ´ÜÀÏÀûÀ̰í, ºÐ¸®ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÀüÁ¦·Î µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
ÀÛÀº ÀüÀ§ÀüÀÚlittle potentialized electron(little force)´Â ½º½º·Î ȸ·Î¸¦ µû¶ó ¿òÁ÷ÀδÙ. ºÎÇÏload(scatterer)¿¡¼´Â, ÀÛÀº ÀüÀ§ÀüÀÚ´Â
±Þ°ÝÈ÷ °¡¼ÓµÇ´Â ¼ºÇâÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¾î, ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¹æ»çÇÑ´Ù(ÀüÀ§°æ»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌÅ»ÇÑ´Ù). ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¼Ò»ê±âscatterer(ºÎÇÏ)ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹æÇâ¿¡¼
ÀϾÀ¸·Î, ÀüÀ§°æ»ç°¡ Á¦°ÅµÇ°í, ÀÌ "ÀÛÀº Èûlittle force(ÀüÀ§ÀüÀÚpotentialized electron)µéÀº Á¦·Î±îÁö °¨¼ÒÇÏ°í ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¹æ»ç·Î ÀÎÇÑ
ÀÛÀº ÀüÀ§°æ»çµéÀÇ »ó½Ç ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
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Collecting And Dissipating Energy
¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¼öÁý°ú ¼Ò»ê
Energy Dissipation and Collection: Without further ado, we consider the scalar potential's local energy density in terms of joules per coulomb. That is, in a specific glob of charges (i.e., in finite circuits), the amount of energy collected from a potential gradient onto the finite number of charges receiving/collecting it, is equal to the number of joules of energy per coulomb that is in the potential gradient, times the number of coulombs collecting (receiving) the potential gradient. The current is the activated (potentialized) coulombs per second that dissipate their potential gradients during that second. The current multiplied by the time the current flows gives the activated coulombs that dissipated their activation (potentialization) during that flow time. Dissipating, activated coulombs multiplied by the excess energy collected per activated coulomb gives the energy dissipated (the work or scattering done) in the load.
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¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¼Ò»ê°ú ¼öÁý: ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ºÎ¿¬ ¼³¸íÀÌ ¾øÀ̵µ, ¿ì¸®´Â ½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀÌ joules per coulombÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â ±¹ÁöÀû ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹ÐµµÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡»óÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº, ¾î¶² ƯÁ¤ÀÇ ÀüÇϵ¢¾î¸®(¿¹, À¯ÇÑ È¸·Î)¿¡¼,ÀüÀ§°æ»çpotential gradient·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×°ÍÀ» ²ø¾î¸ðÀ¸´Â À¯ÇÑ °¹¼öÀÇ ÀüÇÏ·Î ¸ð¾ÆÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö ·®Àº, ÀüÀ§°æ»çÀÇ °¢ coulomb ´ç °®´Â jouleÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼ö¿Í ÀüÀ§°æ»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ð¾ÆÁø(¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ) coulombsÀÇ ¼ö¿ÍÀÇ °ö°ú °°Àº °ªÀÌ´Ù. Àü·ù´Â ÇØ´ç ÀüÀ§°æ»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊ´ç ¼Ò»êµÇ´Â Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ(ÀüÀ§µÈpotentialized) coulombÀÇ ¼öÀÌ´Ù. Àü·ù¿¡ ±× Àü·ù°¡ È帥 ½Ã°£À» °öÇÏ¸é ±× ½Ã°£µ¿¾È ¼Ò»êµÈ Ȱ¼º coulombÀÇ °ªÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ¼Ò»êDissipating, Ȱ¼º coulomb °öÇϱâ Ȱ¼º coulomb´ç ¸ð¾ÆÁø À׿©¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ºÎÇÏload¿¡¼ ¼Ò»ê(ÀÏwork ¶Ç´Â Èð¾îÁö´Â °Íscattering)µÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö °ªÀÌ´Ù.
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We define collection as the connection of a potential gradient (a source) to the charged masses in a circuit element (the element is called the collector), which for a finite delay time does not allow its potentialized free electrons to move as current. In the collector, during this delay time these trapped electrons are "activated" by potential gradients being coupled to them.
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¿ì¸®´Â ¼öÁýcollectionÀ» ÀüÀ§°æ»ç(Àü¿øsource)¿Í ȸ·Î¿ä¼Ò(ÀÌ ¿ä¼Ò´Â ¼öÁý±âcollector·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù)³»ÀÇ ÃæÀüµÈ ¹°ÁúÀÇ ¿¬°á·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. À¯ÇÑ Áö¿¬½Ã°£a finite delay time µ¿¾ÈÀº ÀüÀ§¸¦ ¾òÀº ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚpotentialized free elecrtrons´Â Àü·ù·Î È帣´Â °ÍÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¼öÁý±âcollector ³»¿¡¼´Â, ÀÌ Áö¿¬½Ã°£ µ¿¾È À̵é ÀâÇôÀÖ´Â ÀüÀÚµéÀº ¦À» ÀÌ·ç´Â ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ "Ȱ¼ºÈactivated" µÈ´Ù.
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Technically, that delay time in the collector is known as relaxation time,7 in the case of the free electron gas8 (in a wire or in a circuit element). A collector then is a circuit element that has a usable, finite relaxation time. During that relaxation time, the trapped electrons are potentialized without movement as current; each collecting/receiving free electron gets a little gradient across it, but no current yet flows. In other words, during this finite relaxation time (collection time), we extract potential from the source, but no current. Thus we extract energy (potential), but no power (which is voltage x amperage). During the relaxation time, we extract from the source only a flow of VPF, which is continually replaced in the source by the vacuum's violent VPF exchange with the source's bipolarity charges. We do not extract power from the battery/source during relaxation time, but we extract free energy density. That free energy density, coupling with a finite quantity of electrons, gives us a collected finite amount of energy. With that background, let's start again, and go through this in a useful "free energy" manner.
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±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î, ¼öÁý±â ³»¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÌ Áö¿¬½Ã°£Àº ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ °¡½ºfree electron gasÀÇ °æ¿ì(Àü¼±À̳ª ȸ·Î¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼) ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£relaxation timeÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ ¼öÁý±â´Â ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ, À¯ÇÑÇÑ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À» °®´Â ȸ·Î¿ä¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£ µ¿¾È, ÀâÇôÀÖ´Â ÀüÀÚµéÀº Àü·ù¿Í °°Àº È帧ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ÀüÀ§Â÷¸¦ ¾ò°Ôpotentialized µÈ´Ù; °¢°¢ÀÇ ¸ð¾ÆÁø/¹Þ¾ÆÁø ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ´Â ¾àÇÑ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ °®°ÔµÇÁö¸¸, ¾ÆÁ÷ Àü·ùÀÇ È帧Àº »ý±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´Ù¸¥¸»·Î Çϸé, ÀÌ À¯ÇÑÇÑ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£(¼öÁý½Ã°£collection time)µ¿¾È, ¿ì¸®´Â Àü¿øsourceÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀüÀ§Â÷potentialÀ» »Ì¾Æ³»Áö¸¸, Àü·ù´Â È帣Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö(potential)¸¦ »Ì¾Æ³»Áö¸¸, Àü·Âpower(voltage*amperage)Àº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£ µ¿¾È, ¿ì¸®´Â Àü¿øsourceÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ÜÁö VPF(vitual photon flux)ÀÇ È帧¸¸À» »Ì¾Æ³»´Âµ¥, À̰ÍÀº Àü¿øsource ³»¿¡¼ Àü¿øÀÇ ¾ç±Ø¼º°ú ÇÔ²² Áø°øÁß¿¡¼ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ VPFÀÇ ±³È¯À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ±³Ã¼µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ¹åµ¥¸®/Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Àü·ÂÀ» »Ì¾Æ³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµfree energy density¸¦ »Ì¾Æ ³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµfree energy density´Â, Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¾çÀÇ ÀüÀÚ¿Í ½ÖÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¼öÁýµÈ Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¾çÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±âÃÊÀ§¿¡¼, ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛÇØº¸ÀÚ. ±×·¡¼ ÀÌ À¯¿ëÇÑ "ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö" ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÍÇôº¸ÀÚ.
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The Electron Gas. We refer to the conventional model of the free electron gas in a wire.9 Although the electrons in this gas actually move by quantum mechanical laws and not by classical laws, we shall simply be dealing with the "on the average" case. So we will speak of the electrons and their movement in a classical sense, rather than a quantum mechanical sense, as this will suffice very well for our purposes.
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ÀüÀÚ°¡½ºThe Electron Gas. ¿ì¸®´Â µµ¼± ³»ÀÇ ÀüÀÚ°¡½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àç·¡½Ä ¸ðµ¨À» ÂüÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °¡½º ³»ÀÇ ÀüÀÚ°¡ ½ÇÁ¦ Àç·¡ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¾çÀÚ¿ªÇйýÄ¢¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿òÁ÷ÀÎ´Ù ÇØµµ, ¿ì¸®´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ "Æò±ÕÀûÀÎ"°æ¿ì¸¸À» ´Ù·é´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ÀüÀÚ¿Í ±× ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¾çÀÚ¿ªÇÐÀû °³³äÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °íÀüÀû °³³äÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù.
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When one connects a circuit to a source of potential gradient (say, to a battery), the first thing that happens nearly instantly is that the potential gradient races onto the coupling wire and heads down it at almost the speed of light. As it goes onto the wire, this gradient "couples" to the free electrons in the free electron gas. However, inside the wire, these electrons can hardly move down the wire at all; they can only "slip" once in a while, yielding a "drift" velocity of a fraction of a cm/sec.10 On the surface, things are just a little bit different. Most of the "current" in a wire, as is well-known, moves along the surface, giving us the "skin" effect. [For that reason, many cables are stranded of finer wires, to provide more skin surface per cm3 of copper, and hence more current-carrying capability per cm3 of copper.]
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ȸ·Î¸¦ ÀüÀ§°æ»çÀÇ Àü¿øsource of potential gradient (¹åµ¥¸®¿¡) ¿¬°á½Ã۸é, °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú ¼ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀϾ´Â ÀÏÀº ÀüÀ§°æ»ç°¡ ¿¬°áµÈ µµ¼±À» µû¶ó °ÅÀÇ ºûÀÇ ¼Óµµ·Î µ¹ÁøÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ µµ¼±À» µû¶ó ¿òÁ÷À̹ǷÎ, ÀÌ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç´Â ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ°¡½º ³»ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í "¦Áþ±âcouples"°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, µµ¼±ÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼´Â, À̵é ÀüÀÚµéÀº µµ¼±À» µû¶ó ¿òÁ÷À̱Ⱑ ¸Å¿ì Èûµé´Ù; ±×µéÀº ´ÜÁö Çѹø¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Á¶±Ý¾¿ "¹Ì²ô·¯Áú¼ö¸¸" ÀÖ´Ù, ÃÊ´ç 1cm Á¤µµÀÇ ¼Óµµ·Î ¶°³»·Á °£´Ù. Ç¥¸é¿¡¼´Â, »óȲÀº ¾à°£ ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. µµ¼± ³»ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ "Àü·ù"´Â, Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, Ç¥¸éÀ» µû¶ó ¿òÁ÷À̸ç, "skin effect" ¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.[ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î, ¸¹Àº µµ¼±ÀÌ ¼øµµ³ôÀº ÀçÁú·Î ¿©·¯°¡´ÚÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁö¸ç,À̰ÍÀº ±¸¸®¼± cm3 ´ç ´õ ¸¹Àº Ç¥¸éÀûÀ» Á¦°øÇϰí, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´õ ¸¹Àº Àü·ù¸¦ ¿î¹ÝÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿ë·®À» °®´Â´Ù.]
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So, initially, little gradients of potential appear on and across each free electron, with a single little Nf on each electron, and coupled to it. The couplet of [Nf·me], where me is the mass of the electron, constitutes a small DEe. [This is rigorous; the conventional EM notion that an E field exists in the vacuum is absurd, and it is well-known in QM that no observable force field exists in the vacuum. As Feynman pointed out, only the potential for the force field exists in the vacuum,11 not the force field as such. Or as Lindsay and Margenau pointed out in their Foundations of Physics, one does not have an observable force except when observable mass is present.12]. We have stated it even stronger: Not only is F = ma, but F º ma (nonrelativistic case).13 Since no observable mass exists in vacuum, then no observable F exists there either.
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±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ù ¹øÂ°·Î, ÀÛÀº ÀüÀ§°æ»ç°¡ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í ±× »çÀ̸¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, °¢ ÀüÀÚ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÛÀº Nf¸¦ °¡Áö°í, ÇÑ ½ÖÀ» ÀÌ·é´Ù. Nf ¿Í me ÀÇ °áÇÕÀº, ¿©±â¼ me´Â ÀüÀÚÀÇ Áú·®À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ÀÛÀº DEe¸¦ »ý»êÇÑ´Ù. [À̰ÍÀº ¾öÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù; Àç·¡ÀÇ ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐEMÀº Áø°øÁß¿¡¼ E fieldÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â Å͹«´Ì ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀº ¾çÀÚ¿ªÇÐQM¿¡¼µµ Áø°øÁß¿¡¼´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ °üÃø°¡´ÉÇÑ force fieldµµ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Feynman ÀÌ ÁöÀûÇÑ ´ë·Î, Áø°øÁß¿¡¼´Â ´ÜÁö ¿ªÀåforce fieldÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀüÀ§potential¸¸ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϰí, ¿ªÀåforce fieldÀº Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¶Ç´Â Lindsay ¿Í Margenau °¡ ±×µéÀÇ ¹°¸®ÀÇ ±âÃÊ¿¡¼ ÁöÀûÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, °üÃø°¡´ÉÇÑ Áú·®ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ¾Æ¹«µµ °üÃø°¡´ÉÇÑ ÈûÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.] ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Áø°øÁß¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«·± °üÃø°¡´ÉÇÑ Áú·®ÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¾î¶² °üÃø°¡´ÉÇÑ ÈûFµµ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
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Force, Coupled Gradients, and Electron Translation
ÈûForce, °æ»çGradients¿Í °áÇÕµÈ, ±×¸®°í ÀüÀÚÀ̵¿Electron Translation
Electrons Coupled to a Potential Gradient Move Themselves. The point is, when activated by a "coupled potential gradient," the activated electron moves itself until it loses its activation (its coupled potential gradient).
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ÀüÀ§°æ»çPotential Gradient¿Í °áÇÕµÈ ÀüÀÚ´Â ½º½º·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀδÙ. ÇÙ½ÉÀº, "°áÇÕµÈ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç"¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ȱ¼ºÈactivatedµÇ¸é, Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ ÀüÀÚ´Â ½º½º·Î ±× Ȱ¼º(°áÇÕµÈ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç)À» ÀÒÀ» ¶§ ±îÁö ¿òÁ÷ÀδÙ.
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Let me say that again, in a little more detail. Forget the standard notion that a force field such as the E-field causes electrons to move. Also forget the notion that the E-field is given by E = -Nf. In foundations of physics, those equations are known to be incorrect for the vacuum. EM force fields are known (in QM foundations theory) to be effects, existing only in and on the charged particles, and not existing separately at all,14 or in the vacuum at all.15 Instead of E = -Nf, in the vacuum the correct equation would be something like this: PE = -Nf. In this case, we have correctly stated that the potential gradient PE provides the potential for producing an antiparallel E-field in and on a coupling/collecting charged mass, and the magnitude and direction of that potential gradient will be given by -Nf, if and only if a charged mass particle is first introduced so that it couples to PE.
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Çѹø ´õ Á»´õ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÀ» Çϸé, Àü±âÀåE-fieldÀÌ ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇѴٴ ǥÁØ ¿ªÀåforce field °³³äÀ» ÀØ¾î ¹ö·Á¶ó. ¶ÇÇÑ Àü±âÀåE-fieldÀº E = -Nf ÀÇ °ø½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù´Â °³³äµµ ÀØ¾î ¹ö·Á¶ó. ¹°¸® ±âÃÊ¿¡¼´Â, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀº Áø°øÁß¿¡¼´Â ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ÀüÀÚ±âÀåEM force fields Àº, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÃæÀü(´ëÀü)µÈ ÀÔÀÚ ³»¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼¸¸ Á¸ÀçÇϰí È¿°ú¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç(¾çÀÚ¿ªÇÐQM ±âÃÊÀ̷п¡¼µµ), ºÐ¸®µÈ °÷À̳ª, Áø°øÁß¿¡¼´Â Àý´ë Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. E = -Nf ´ë½Å¿¡, Áø°øÁß¿¡¼´Â Á¤È®ÇÑ ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀº ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: PE = -Nf. ÀÌ °æ¿ì, ÀüÀ§°æ»çpotential gradient PE´Â ¦Áö¿öÁö°í ¸ð¾ÆÁø ÃæÀüµÈ ¹°Áú ³»¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼ ¹ÝÆòÇà ¿¡³ÊÁöÀåantiparallel E-field¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³»±â À§ÇÑ ÀüÀ§potential¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù°í ¸íÈ®È÷ ¸» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÃæÀüµÈ ¹°ÁúÀÌ Ã¹ ¹øÂ°·Î ¼Ò°³µÇ¾î PE¿Í ¦À» ¸ÎÀ¸¸é, ÀüÀ§°æ»çÀÇ Å©±â¿Í ¹æÇâÀº -Nf·Î ÁÖ¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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At any rate, the activated/potentialized electron moves itself. The reason is that it constitutes a force. Force º (mass x acceleration) (non relativistic case). So the potentialized/activated electron is continuously accelerating. However, it is prevented from easily moving down the wire directly. To begin to do that, it essentially has to first move to the outer skin of the copper conductor.
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¾î¶² »óÅ¿¡¼°Ç, Ȱ¼ºÈµÈactivated/ÀüÀ§µÈpotentialized ÀüÀÚ´Â ½º½º·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀδÙ. ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ÈûÀ» ¹ß»ý½Ã۱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Force º (mass x acceleration) (non relativistic case). ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀüÀ§ÈµÇ°í Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ ÀüÀÚ´Â °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î °¡¼ÓµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, À̰ÍÀº µµ¼±À» µû´Ù ½±°Ô À̵¿ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ±×·¯±â À§Çؼ´Â, À̰ÍÀº ±¸¸®µµÃ¼ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎÇ¥¸éÀ¸·Î ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¼± ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù.
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The Collector: We now consider a circuit element that we called a collector. (It could be a special coil made of special material, a capacitor with doped plates rather than simple conducting plates, or any one of a number of things). The objective is for the collector to be made of special material so that it has a free electron gas whose electrons are momentarily not free to move as current (they continue to move violently around microscopically, but essentially with zero net macroscopic translation) for a finite delay (relaxation) time, while they are settling themselves upon the surface and preparing to move as current. Let's call the electrons NNTE (no net translation electrons) during that finite delay (relaxation time). During that "no-current" delay time, the NNTE electrons become potentialized/activated by the potential gradient impressed across the collector. So at the end of the NNT time, the NNTE electrons are potentialized, and each is of the form [Nf·me].
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¼öÁý±âThe Collector: ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ȸ·Î¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¼öÁý±â¶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. (À̰ÍÀº Ư¼ö¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø Ư¼öÇÑ ÄÚÀÏÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ´Ü¼øÇÑ µµÃ¼ÆÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ºÒ¼ø¹°ÀÌ Ã·°¡µÈ µµÃ¼ÆÇÀ» °®´Â ÃàÀü±âÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌµç ¿©·¯ °¡ÁöÀÇ ÇüŰ¡ µÉ ¼ö µµ ÀÖ´Ù). ¸ñÀûÀº Ư¼öÇÑ ¹°Áú·Î µÈ ¼öÁý±âcollector¿¡¼ À̰ÍÀº À¯ÇÑ Áö¿¬½Ã°£(ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£)µ¿¾È Àü·ùÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÀüÀÚ¸¦ °¡Áø ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ°¡½º¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù.(±×µéÀº ¹Ì½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î´Â °è¼Ó ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö¸¸, °Å½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ ¾ø´Ù).-±×µéÀÌ µµÃ¼ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÏ¿© Àü·ùÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ÁغñÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È. ±× À¯ÇÑ Áö¿¬½Ã°£(ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£) µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ÀüÀÚ¸¦ NNTE (no net translation electrons) ¶ó°í ºÎ¸£±â·Î ÇÏÀÚ. ÀÌ "Àü·ù°¡ È帣Áö ¾Ê´Âno-current" Áö¿¬½Ã°£ µ¿¾È, NNTE ÀüÀÚ´Â ¼öÁý±â¿¡ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ °¡ÇØÁø ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀüÀ§µÇ¾îÁö°ípotentialized/Ȱ¼ºÈactivated µÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î NNT time ÀÇ ³¡ ¹«·Æ¿¡´Â, NNTE ÀüÀÚµéÀº ÀüÀ§Èpotentialized µÇ¾î, °¢°¢Àº [Nf me] ÀÇ formÀ» °¡Áø´Ù.
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The Secret of Free Energy
ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ºñ¹Ð
Two Circuits/Two Cycles: We are going to use two circuits and two cycles, as shown in Figure 2:
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µÎ °³ÀÇ È¸·Î/ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¼øÈ¯: ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸² 2 ¿¡¼ ó·³ µÎ °³ÀÇ È¸·Î¿Í µÎ °³ÀÇ ½ÎÀÌŬÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù.
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(1) We shall connect a collector to a primary source of potential (to a battery) during the short time that current does not yet flow, but potential does. (In other words, during the relaxation time of the collector, we allow the VPF to flow onto the NNTE electrons of the collector and potentialize (activate) them, but do not yet allow the electrons themselves to flow as current, but only to move transversely in the wiring and collector.) This is cycle one of a 2-cycle process: This is collection of a specific amount of current-free potential gradient -- power-free energy -- off the potential-source (the battery) onto a collector. During the collection cycle/time, current does not and must not flow (we are discussing the ideal case). We are freely "charging up" the collector as a secondary battery/source.
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(1) ¿ì¸®´Â ÀüÀ§´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷ Àü·ù´Â È帣Áö ¾Ê´Â ªÀº ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ¼öÁý±âcollector¸¦ ù ¹øÂ° Àü¿ø(¹åµ¥¸®)primary source ¿¡ ¿¬°áÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.( ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ¼öÁý±âÀÇ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£µ¿¾È, ¿ì¸®´Â VPF¸¦ ¼öÁý±âÀÇ NNTE À§·Î È帣°Ô ÇÏ°í ±×µéÀ» ÀüÀ§Èpotentialize(Ȱ¼ºÈactivate)Çϸç, ±×·¯³ª ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Àü·ùÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÈ帣´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ÆÁ÷ Çã¶ôÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ´ÜÁö Àü¼±°ú ¼öÁý±â ³»¸¦ °¡·ÎÁö¸£´Â ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¸¸ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.) À̰ÍÀº 2-cycle °úÁ¤ÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù: À̰ÍÀº ¼öÁý±â »ó¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇϴ ƯÁ¤·®ÀÇ Àü·ù(¹èÅ͸®)-ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀ§°æ»çfree potential gradient--power-free energy--off the potential-ÀÇ ¼öÁýÀÌ´Ù. ¼öÁý±â°£ µ¿¾È¿¡, Àü·ù´Â È帣Áö ¾Ê°í, ±×·¡¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù( ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¸¦ ³íÀÇÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù). ¿ì¸®´Â ¼öÁý±â¸¦ µÎ ¹øÂ° ¹èÅ͸® ¼Ò½º·Î¼ ¹«·á·Îfreely ¼öÁý±âcollector¸¦ "ÃæÀücharging up"Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
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(2) At the end of the collection (potentialization/activation) time/cycle in circuit one, the potentialized collector (the charged secondary source) is sharply switched away from its connection to the primary potential source (the battery), and at the same time it is instantly switched into a separate closed circuit with the load. This is important: In cycle two, the potentialized collector (with its finite amount of excess trapped EM energy) and the load are connected in a completely separate circuit, and one that is closed, with no connection at all to the original source of potential (in this case, to the battery). Specifically, this "load and potentialized collector" circuit is completely separate from the primary source; during cycle two the primary source (the battery) is not connected to anything.
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(2) ȸ·Î1ÀÇ ¼öÁýcollection(ÀüÀ§Èpotentialization/Ȱ¼ºÈactivation)½Ã°£time/cycleÀÇ ³¡¹«·Æ¿¡´Â,ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ¼öÁý±âpotentialized collector(ÃæÀüµÈ 2Â÷ Àü¿øcharged secondary source)´Â ³¯Ä«·Ó°Ô ±× ¿¬°áÀ» ù ¹øÂ° Àü¿ø(¹èÅ͸®)·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌÅ»ÇÏ¿©, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÇϰ¡ °É¸° ºÐ¸®µÈ Æóȸ·ÎÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿¬°á½ÃŲ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Áß¿äÇÑ »çÇ×ÀÌ´Ù: µÎ ¹øÂ° ½ÎÀÌŬ¿¡¼´Â,ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ¼öÁý±â(À¯ÇÑÇÑ À׿© EM¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¡Áø)¿Í ºÎÇÏload´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ºÐ¸®µÈ ȸ·Î³»¿¡¼ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ´ÝÈù ȸ·Î´Â, ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Àü¿øoriginal source of potential(¹èÅ͸®)°ú ¾î¶² ¿¬°áµµ µÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ƯÀÌÇÑ ÇüÅ·Î, ÀÌ "ºÎÇÏ¿Í ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ¼öÁý±âload and potentialized collector"´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ù ¹øÂ° Àü¿ø°ú ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù; µÎ ¹øÂ° ½ÎÀÌŬ µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ù ¹øÂ° Àü¿øpriomary source ( ¹èÅ͸®)Àº ¾Æ¹«°Í¿¡µµ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
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In other words, all we've taken from the primary source (the battery) is current-free, force-field-free potential gradient. So to speak, we've taken a "chunk of potential gradient" from the source, nothing else. You simply multiply the potential gradient's local energy density (the so-called "voltage", which is really excess joules per coulomb) by the number of coulombs of charge that is "activated" (that "collects" this voltage or excess joules/coulomb) in the collector. Specifically, we have not taken any power from the battery itself, and so we have not done any internal work inside the battery upon its internal resistance, by a "closed circuit electron flow" back into the battery. We have not permitted such a flow.
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´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ¿ì¸®°¡ ù ¹øÂ° Àü¿ø ( ¹èÅ͸® )·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀº ¸ðµç °ÍÀº Àü·ùcurrent-free, force-field-free potential gradientÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸»À» Çϸé, ¿ì¸®´Â "ÇÑ µ¢¾î¸®ÀÇ ÀüÀ§°æ»çchunk of potential gradient"¸¦ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀº °Í ¿Ü¿¡, ´Ù¸¥ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº °£´ÜÈ÷ ÀüÀ§°æ»çÀÇ ±¹Áö¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµpotential gradient's local energy density("voltage"¶ó°í ºÒ¸®¿öÁö°í, ÁøÁ¤ Äð·Ò´ç À׿© ÁÖ¿ï ÀÎthat is really excess joules per coulomb)¸¦ ¼öÁý±â ³»ÀÇ "Ȱ¼ºÈµÈactivated"(ÀÌ voltage ¶Ç´Â excess joules/coulomb¸¦ ¼öÁýÇÏ´Â) ÀüÇÏÀÇ ¼ö number of coulombs of charge¿Í °öÇÑ´Ù. ƯÀÌÇϰÔ, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹èÅ͸® ÀÚü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Æ¹«·± ÆÄ¿öµµ ¾òÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¹èÅ͸®·Î ´Ù½Ã µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â "Æóȸ·Î ÀüÀÚÈ帧closed circuit electron flow"¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±× ³»ºÎÀÇ ÀúÇ׿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹èÅ͸® ³»¿¡¼ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Àϵµ ¾ò¾î³»Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ È帧À» Çã°¡¹ÞÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
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Instead, we are using the activated collector as a temporary, secondary battery. We will utilize this secondary battery in a conventional manner to power the load, which will also kill the secondary battery (dissipate its trapped EM energy). But that will not affect the primary source. The primary source is never used to directly power the load. It is only used as an infinite source of potential gradient (i.e., as an infinite source of energy density).
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±× ´ë½Å, ¿ì¸®´Â Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ ¼öÁý±âactivated collector¸¦ ÀϽÃÀûÀÎtemporary, 2Â÷ ¹èÅ͸®secondary battery·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ 2Â÷ ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ÈûÀ» ÀÛ¿ëÇϰí, ¶ÇÇÑ 2Â÷ ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ Á×ÀÌ´Â( °¤ÇôÁø EM¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¼Ò»ê½ÃŰ´Â)¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϵµ·Ï Åë»óÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Ȱ¿ëÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ù ¹øÂ° Àü¿ø¿¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿µÇâµµ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ù ¹øÂ° Àü¿øÀº Àý´ë ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ÈûÀ» °Å´Â µ¥ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ÀüÀ§°æ»çÀÇ À¯ÇÑÇÑ ±Ù¿øinfinite source of potential gradientÀ¸·Î¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (¿¡³ÊÁö ¹ÐµµÀÇ À¯ÇÑÇÑ ±Ù¿øinfinite source of energy density).
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The Standard Power Extraction Circuit
Ç¥ÁØ ÆÄ¿öÃßÃâ ȸ·Î
The Conventional Circuit: We digress momentarily: In the standard electrical method, the potential source (which is a bipolarity) is connected across the load. This connects both the external load and the internal resistance of the battery itself in series, as the "total circuit load." Electrons then pour through the external load circuit and through the internal battery resistance, from the "electron rich" polarity of the source to its "electron poor" opposite polarity. The scattering of energy in the internal battery resistance is actually doing work to upset the chemistry that is maintaining the battery's charge separation (the bipolarity). In this manner, the source's separation of charges (which is the "gate" furnishing the potential/energy gradient) is being destroyed as the current flows, and this in turn destroys the source of the potential gradient.
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Åë»óÀûÀΠȸ·Î: Àá±ñ ´Ù¸¥ ¸»À» Çϸé: Ç¥ÁØÀûÀÎ Àü±âÀû ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼´Â,ÀüÀ§¿øpotential source (µÎ °³ÀÇ ±ØÀ» °¡Áø) Àº ºÎÇÏload¿¡ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¿¬°áÀº ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ºÎÇÏ¿Í ¹èÅ͸®ÀÇ ÀÚü³»ºÎÀúÇ×À» Á÷·Ä·Î ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© "Àüüȸ·ÎºÎÇÏtotal circuit load"¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ÀüÀÚ´Â ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ȸ·ÎÀÇ ¿ÜºÎºÎÇÏ¿Í ¹èÅ͸®ÀÇ ÀÚü³»ºÎÀúÇ×À» Åë°úÇÏ¿© "¸¹Àº ÀüÀÚ¸¦ °¡Áø ±Ø¼ºelectron rich polarity"¿¡¼ "ÀûÀº ÀüÀÚ¸¦ °¡Áøelectron poor" ¹Ý´ë±Ø¼º ÂÊÀ¸·Î ½ñ¾ÆºÎ¾îpour Áø´Ù. À̶§ ¹èÅ͸®ÀÇ ÀÚü³»ºÎÀúÇ׿¡¼ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ Èð¾îÁüscattering of energyÀº ¹èÅ͸®°¡ ±Ø¼ººÐ¸®¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ·Á´Â ÈÇÐÀû ¼ºÁúÀ» µÚÁý±â À§ÇØ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇüÅ·Î, Àü¿øÀÇ ÀüÇϺи® ( ÀüÀ§/¿¡³ÊÁö °æ»ç¸¦ ¹èÄ¡½ÃŰ´Â ¹®"gate" furnishing the potential/energy gradient)´Â Àü·ù°¡ È帧À¸·Î½á ÆÄ±«µÇ°í, À̰ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î ÀüÀ§°æ»ç±Ù¿øsource of the potential gradientÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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In other words, normally we, engineers, are trained to kill the bipolarity, which kills the potential source itself! Incredible as it may be, we, engineers and scientists, have been trained to utilize the free "trapped EM energy" furnished by nature through the source, to destroy the source of the energy/potential, with the same vigor as they power the external load! In fact, our teachers simply have never learned any other way to do it except this deliberately "self-destructive" manner!
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´Ù¸¥ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î, º¸Åë ¿ì¸® °øÇÐÀÚµéÀº, ¾ç ±Ø¼ºÀ» Á×À̵µ·Ï ÈÆ·Ã ¹Þ¾Ò´Ùtrained to kill the bipolarity, À̰ÍÀº ÀüÀ§¿øpotential source ÀÚü¸¦ Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù! ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÌÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®, °øÇÐÀÚµé°ú °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº, Àü¿øÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ "Æ÷ȹµÈ ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁötrapped EM energy"¸¦, ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸ÅÀÇ ¼¼±â¸¦ °¡Áø ¿¡³ÊÁö/ÀüÀ§¸¦ ÆÄ±«Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÈÆ·Ã ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. »ç½Ç, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±³»çµéÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½º½º·Î ¼Ò¸ðÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ý ¸»°í´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¿ë¹æ¹ýµµ ¹è¿ìÁö ¸øÇß´Ù!
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A Waterwheel Analogy
¼öÂ÷ÀÇ ºñÀ¯
Imagine, if you will, a waterwheel that powers a mill, with a sluice gate upstream in a river, that diverts some river water into the sluice carrying water to the wheel when the sluice gate is opened into the river. The diverted water flows down to the waterwheel, turning it, and the spent water is fed back into the river below the mill site. Now what fool would connect a pulley onto the waterwheel, with a rope running from the pulley to the sluice gate, so that when the wheel rotated, part of the rotational power also was utilized to close the sluice gate and shut off the water, stopping the waterwheel? If one did so, when the sluice gate was opened, the waterwheel would rotate only until the sluice gate was closed, shutting off the water. Then one would laboriously have to pay to reopen the sluice gate again, then again, then again. No self-respecting "waterwheel engineer" would do such an unthinkable, insane thing. But that's exactly what we engineers, electrical physicists, and scientists have been trained to do! We have no energy engineers or energy scientists at all; instead, we have all been power engineers and power scientists. We have all been energy source killers! In this paper, we shall try to do better, and rectify "one of the most remarkable and inexplicable aberrations of the scientific mind which has ever been recorded in history," as Tesla called the conventional electromagnetics.16 By being energy engineers, we shall only have to pay for our energy source once, and then we shall draw as much energy from it as we wish.
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»ó»óÇØ º¸ÀÚ. È帣´Â °¹°ÀÇ »ó·ù¿¡ ¼ö·Î°¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖ°í, ÀÌ ¼ö·Î¿¡´Â ¼ö¹®ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ¼ö¹®À» ¿¸é °¹°ÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ¼ö·Î¸¦ µû¶ó Èê·¯ ¼öÂ÷¸¦ µ¹¸°´Ù. ¼öÂ÷¸¦ µ¹¸®´Âµ¥ ¾²ÀÎ ¹°Àº ¹æ¾Ñ°£ ¾Æ·¡·Î ¶³¾îÁ® ´Ù½Ã °¹°°ú ÇÕ·ùµÈ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ¾î¶² ¹Ùº¸°¡ ÀÌ ¼öÂ÷¿¡ Ç®¸®¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© ¹åÁÙÀ» Ç®¸®¿Í ¼ö¹®¿¡ °É¾î ³õ¾Æ ¼öÂ÷°¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡¸é ÀÌ È¸Àü·ÂÀÇ ÀϺδ ¶ÇÇÑ ¼ö¹®À» ´Ý´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î, ¼öÂ÷ÀÇ È¸ÀüÀ» ¸ØÃß°Ô ÇÑ´Ù? ¸¸¾à ´©±º°¡ ÀÌ·± ÁþÀ» ÇÑ´Ù¸é, óÀ½ ¼ö¹®ÀÌ ¿·ÈÀ» ¶§, ¼öÂ÷´Â ´ÜÁö ±× ¼ö¹®ÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ´ÝÈ÷±â Àü±îÁö¸¸ µ¹¾Æ°¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ±×´Â ¼ö·ÎÀÇ ¼ö¹®À» ´Ù½Ã ¿©´Â ¼ö°í¸¦ ÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çϰí, À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ýº¹Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ±à½ÉÀ» °¡Áø ¾î¶°ÇÑ "¼öÂ÷±â¼úÀÚ"µµ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â, ¹ÌÄ£ÁþÀ» ÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº Á¤È®È÷ ¿ì¸® °øÇÐÀÚµé°ú, Àü±â±â¼úÀÚµé°ú, °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ÈÆ·Ã¹Þ¾Æ¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù! ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö °øÇÐÀÚ³ª ¿¡³ÊÁö °úÇÐÀÚ´Â ÇÑ¸íµµ ¾ø´Ù; ±×´ë½Å, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµÎ ÈûÀÇ °øÇÐÀÚ¿Í ÈûÀÇ °úÇÐÀÚ¿´´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀÇ Å³·¯¿´´Ù! ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼, ¿ì¸®´Â "¿ª»ç¸¦ Àå½ÄÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¡Àå ³î¶ø°íµµ ºÒ°¡ÇØÇÑ º¯Á¾ÀÇ °úÇÐ ¸¶Àεå"-Å×½½¶ó°¡ ÁøºÎÇÑ ÀüÀÚ±âÇÐÀ̶ó°í ºÒ·¶µíÀÌ-¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ°í °³¼±Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¡³ÊÁö °øÇÐÀÚ°¡ µÊÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ Çѹø¸¸ ÀÏÀ» ÇØÁÖ¸é µÇ¸ç, ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »Ì¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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External Load Power Is Free; Only The Power In The Source Costs
¿ÜºÎ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ °É¸®´Â ÆÄ¿ö´Â ¹«·áÀÌ´Ù; Àü¿ø ³»ºÎÀÇ ÆÄ¿ö¸¸ÀÌ À¯·áÀÌ´Ù.
Here's the magic secret of free electrical power: The power in the external load is absolutely free, and it always has been free.17 In any load circuit, the only power you have to pay for, and have ever had to pay for, is the power you incorrectly use to kill your own primary source. The only power that "costs" more effort/dollars is the power erroneously utilized inside the source to "close the gate" and kill the primary source. Your electric power company doesn't pay for any of the collected energy on your load circuits that is dissipated to power your house. Instead, the power company charges you for its own ignorance. It charges you for its insane use of its own freely extracted electrical energy to continually kill the bipolarity in each of its generators, thus continually killing the free electrical source of that generator's energy.18
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¿©±â ÀÚÀ¯Àü±âÀÇ ¸¶¼úÀû ºñ¹ÐÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ °É¸®´Â ÆÄ¿ö´Â Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«·áÀÌ´Ù,±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¹«·á¿´´Ù. ¾î¶°ÇÑ ºÎÇÏȸ·Î¿¡¼µµ, ´ç½ÅÀÌ °ªÀ» ÁöºÒÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çϰí Áö±Ý±îÁö ÁöºÒÇØ¿Ô´ø ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄ¿ö´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ 1Â÷Àû Àü¿øÀ» Á×À̴µ¥ À߸ø »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁø ÆÄ¿öÀÌ´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº ³ë·Â°ú µ·À» µé¿©¾ß ÇÏ´Â ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄ¿ö´Â Àü¿øÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ "¼ö¹®À» ´Ý¾Æ" ¹ö¸®°í ÀÏÂ÷Àû Àü¿øÀ» Á×À̴µ¥ À߸ø »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁø ÆÄ¿öÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àü·Âȸ»ç´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ Áý¿¡ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ÁÖ±âÀ§ÇØ ¼Ò»êdissipatedµÇ¾îÁø, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ºÎÇÏȸ·Î»ó¿¡ ¸ð¾ÆÁø ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ º¸»óÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×´ë½Å, Àü·Âȸ»ç´Â ±×°ÍÀÇ Ã¶ÀúÇÑ ¹«½Ã·Î ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ¿ä±ÝÀ» ºÎ´ã½ÃŲ´Ù. Àü·Âȸ»ç´Â °øÂ¥·Î ÃßÃâµÈ Àü±â¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹ßÀü±â ³»¿¡¼ °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ±Ø¼ºÀ» Á×À̴µ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í °á±¹ ±× ¹ßÀü±âÀÇ ¹«·áÀü¿øÀ» °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á×À̵µ·Ï Á¦Á¤½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁø °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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In any electric circuit, we can continue to indefinitely power the external load indirectly from a source, so long as we are not so naive as to use any of the free energy we extract from the primary source to dissipate back inside the primary source itself and shut it off!
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¾î¶°ÇÑ Àü±âȸ·Î¿¡¼µµ, ¿ì¸®°¡ 1Â÷Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃßÃâµÈ ¹«·áÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¹Ý´ë·Î 1Â÷Àü¿øÀÚüÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ¼Ò»ê½ÃŰ°Å³ª ±×°ÍÀ» ´Ý´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸¦ ¹üÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â Àü¿ø°ú Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °ü°è¾øÀÌ °è¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ¿ÜºÎ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ¹«ÇÑÁ¤ º¸³¾ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù!
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And we can easily and freely multiply electrical potential. As an example, given a single good source of potential, a hundred radial wires can be connected to the source. The same potential will now appear at each of the ends of the hundred wires. A switcher/collector unit can then operate from each radial line's end, and power external loads, without "loading" the original primary source. This "cascading" can be continued indefinitely. A single power plant, e.g., can power the entire electrical grid of the United States. And a single automobile battery can power a large, agile, electric automobile at highway speeds, with sports car acceleration, with unlimited range, without "refueling," and with no noxious chemical exhaust.
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±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ½±°í ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô Àü±âÀüÀ§electrical potential¸¦ ¹è°¡½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÏ·Ê·Î, ÁÖ¾îÁø ÇϳªÀÇ ÁÁÀº ÀüÀ§¿øgiven a single good source of potentialÀº, ¹é °³ÀÇ Àü¼±ÀÌ ¹æ»çÇüÀ¸·Î ±× Àü¿ø¿¡ ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹é°³ÀÇ Àü¼± °¢°¢ÀÇ ³¡¿¡´Â °°Àº ·®ÀÇ ÀüÀ§°¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ º¯È¯±â/¼öÁý±â ÀåÄ¡´Â ¿ø·¡ÀÇ 1Â÷Àü¿ø¿¡ ºÎÇϸ¦ °ÉÁö ¾Ê°íµµ °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹æ»çÇü Àü¼±ÀÇ ³¡´Ü¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿µÇ¾îÁ® ¿ÜºÎ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ "ºÐ±â¹ýcascading"Àº ¹«ÇÑÁ¤ °è¼ÓµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ Àü·Â°øÀåÀÌ, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¹Ì±¹ ÀüüÀÇ ¼ÛÀü½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¹èÅ͸®°¡ °í¼ÓÀ¸·Î ´Þ¸± ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ½ºÆ÷Ã÷Ä«¿Í °°Àº °¡¼Ó·ÂÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¼º´É¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø°í, µ¶¼º¹è±â°¡½º°¡ ¾øÀÌ ¿¬·áÀÇ Àç±ÞÀ¯°¡ ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â Å©°í ¹ÎøÇÑ Àü±âÀÚµ¿Â÷¿¡ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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Obvious Impacts
¸í¹éÇÑ Ãæ°Ý
Environmentalists should immediately see that the chemical pollution of the biosphere by mechanista and processes to obtain energy can be dramatically reduced, to almost negligible levels. There need be no huge oil tanker spills, for there need be no huge oil tankers. There need be no worrisome radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants, or abandoned hazardous nuclear plants when their life is finished, because there need be no nuclear power plants. There need be no noxious exhausts from jet airplanes (which are really what is diminishing the ozone layer and punching holes in it), automobiles, trucks, buses, innumerable coal-fired and oil-fired power plants, etc.
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ȯ°æÀü¹®°¡µéÀº ±â°è¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »ýŰèÀÇ ÈÇÐÀû ¿À¿°À» Áï½Ã º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¾ò´Â °úÁ¤ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¹«½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ü°è±îÁö ±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÜÃàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °Å´ëÇÑ ±â¸§ÅÊÅ©°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀ¸¸ç, ÇÙ¹ßÀü¼Ò¿¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â °ÆÁ¤½º·± ¹æ»ç¼ºÆó±â¹° ¶Ç´Â ¼ö¸íÀÌ ´ÙÇØ Æó±âµÈ ÇØ·Î¿î ÇÙ¹ßÀü¼Ò°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÇÙ¹ßÀü¼Ò ÀÚü°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. µ¶¼º ¹è±â°¡½º¸¦ »Õ¾î´ë´Â Á¦Æ®ºñÇà±â( ¿ÀÁ¸ÃþÀ» °Ý°¨½ÃŰ°í ±¸¸ÛÀ» ³»´Â ÁÖ¹ü), ÀÚµ¿Â÷, Æ®·°, ¹ö½º, ¼ö¾øÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¼®Åº°ú ±â¸§À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹ßÀü½Ã¼³µîÀº ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù.
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The Electronic Smog Problem
ÀüÀÚ½º¸ð±× ¹®Á¦
In fairness we point out that, as the usage of free electrical energy mushrooms, we will be dramatically increasing the low-level EM signal density of the environment, and that too is biologically detrimental. Although beyond the scope of this paper, that cumulative biological damage mechanism has also been uncovered by this author. A formal paper is presently in preparation for presentation in March 1993 at the annual meeting and conference of the Alabama Academy of Science.19 The paper will also present an entirely new definition of cancer, give its exact long-term cumulative mechanism, and give an exact, scientifically proven mechanism for eliminating cancer, leukemia, and other debilitating diseases such as AIDS. For our purposes here, we simply state that we understand the EM "electronic smog" biological damage mechanism, and how to go about developing a total counter for it. Eventually, we would see a small "counter unit" added to each power unit, alleviating the "electronic smog" problem and preventing biological damage.
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°øÆòÇÏ°Ô ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÁöÀûÇϸé, ÀÚÀ¯Àü±â¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀúÁØÀ§ ÀüÀÚ±â½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ¹Ðµµ¸¦ ±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ °úµµÇÑ ¹Ðµµ´Â »ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÇØÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ³í¹®ÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ¹þ¾î³ªÁö¸¸, ÃàÀûµÇ´Â »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ¼Õ»óÀÇ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòµµ ÀÛÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ³í¹®ÀÌ 1993³â 3¿ù ¾Ù·¯¹Ù¸¶ °úÇоÆÄ«µ¥¹ÌÀÇ Á¤±â ÃÑȸ¿¡¼ º¸°íµÇ±âÀ§ÇØ ÁغñµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ³í¹®Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »õ·Î¿î °³³äÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, À̰ÍÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ Àå±âÀû ÃàÀû¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁò°ú, Á¤È®ÇÏ°í °úÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ¸íµÈ ¾Ï, ¹éÇ÷º´, ¿¡ÀÌÁî¿Í °°ÀÌ »ý¸íÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â Áúº´ÀÇ Ä¡·á¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ "ÀüÀڱ⽺¸ð±×"ÀÇ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ¼Õ»ó¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϰí, ¾î¶»°Ô À̰Ϳ¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´ëóÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ ³íÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î, ¿ì¸®´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀåÄ¡¿¡ ºÎÂøµÈ ÀÛÀº "¹Ý´ëÀåÄ¡counter unit"¸¦ º¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº "ÀüÀÚ½º¸ð±×"¹®Á¦¸¦ °æ°¨½ÃŰ°í »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ¼Õ»óÀ» ¹æÁöÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Only Dissipate Energy From a Collector, Not the Source
¼öÁý±âcollector¿¡¼¸¸ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¼Ò»ê½Ã۰í, Àü¿ø¿¡¼´Â ¼Ò»ê½ÃŰÁö ¾ÊÀ½.
Completion of the Collection Cycle: But to return to the completion of our collection cycle (cycle one). During collection, we have not extracted power from the source. That is vital. We have not moved the gate through which our source is furnishing free energy. We have not diminished our primary source. From our previous definitions of potential, we have indeed extracted trapped energy from the primary source, because we placed its "local energy density" across a certain finite collector/mass, instead of extracting power (dissipating energy inside the source or battery to spoil its chemistry and deplete its charge separation).
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¼öÁý»çÀÌŬÀÇ ¿Ï·á: ¼öÁý»çÀÌŬÀÇ ¿Ï·á(»çÀÌŬ 1). ¼öÁýÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, ¿ì¸®´Â Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ÃßÃâÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àü¿øÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ºñÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ü¹®À» À̵¿½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ 1Â÷Àü¿øÀ» °¨¼â½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Õ¼ ³íÀÇÇÑ ÀüÀ§potentialÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡¼, ¿ì¸®´Â ½Ç·Î 1Â÷Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁötrapped energy¸¦ ÃßÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ "±¹ÁöÀû ¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµlocal energy density"¸¦ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ÃßÃâÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å ÇÑÁ¤µÈ ¼öÁý±â/Áú·®(collector/mass)¿¡ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ³õ¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.( ¹èÅ͸®ÀÇ ÈÇÐÀû ¼ºÁúÀ» ¹«»ê½Ã۰í ÀüÇϺи®ÀÇ À庮À» ¹«³Ê¶ß¸®±âÀ§ÇØ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Àü¿øÀ̳ª ¹èÅ͸® ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ¼Ò»ê½ÃŲ´Ù.)
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All Energy Is Free
¸ðµç ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â °øÂ¥ÀÌ´Ù.
Here's the incredible truth. The entire universe is filled with mind boggling free energy everywhere, in the simplest of things. Simply scrape your feet on the carpet, and you will collect perhaps 2,000 "volts" on your body. At that time, hidden EM energy is flowing from every point in the universe to your body, and from your body back to every point in the universe. We know that all macroscopic matter is filled with stupendous amounts of electrical charge. So an incredible river of energy -- a great flux -- is driving every single thing, from the smallest to the largest. Opening a gate to extract trapped EM energy is simple. Just collect a bit of charge, or scrape your feet hard, or comb your hair briskly. All we have to do is not be stupid and close the gate once we've got it opened!
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¿©±â¿¡ ¹Ï±â¾î·Á¿î »ç½ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Àü ¿ìÁÖ´Â ±ô¦ ³î¶ö¸¸ÅÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÇüÅ·Π¸ðµç°÷À» ä¿ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. °£´ÜÈ÷ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹ßÀ» Ä«Æê¿¡ ¹®Áú·¯º¸¶ó. ´ç½ÅÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ 2000 º¼Æ®ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ö¿¡ ¸ðÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¶§, ¼û¾îÀÖ´ø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁöEM energy°¡ ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¸¼®À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸öÀ¸·Î È帣°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸öÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¸¼®À¸·Î µÇ¹Þ¾ÆÃÄ È帥´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµç õüÇö»óÀÌ »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾çÀÇ Àü±âÀû ÀüÇÏ·Î °¡µæÂ÷ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹Ï±âÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ °--¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ È帧--ÀÌ ¸ðµç ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ °¡Àå ÀÛÀº °Í¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å« °Í¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¿îÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÃßÃâÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¹®À» ¿©´Â °ÍÀº °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾à°£ÀÇ ÀüÇϸ¦ ¸ð¾Æ¶ó. ¶Ç´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹ßÀ» °ÇÏ°Ô ¹®Áú·¯¶ó. ¶Ç´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ±âºÐÁÁ°Ô ºø¾î¶ó. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇØ¾ßÇÒ ÀÏÀº ¾î¸®¼®Àº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç Çѹø ¹®ÀÌ ¿¸° ÈÄ¿¡´Â ´ÝÇôÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù!
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God has been most kind. We have nothing but free energy everywhere. All energy is furnished to us freely! It's our own blindness that has made us into energy source killers. All we have to do is open our eyes to the truth of nature's incredible energy bounty. We must just freely collect that bountiful fruit from Nature's tree, instead of chopping down the tree and killing it.
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½ÅÀº ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ Ä£ÀýÀ» º£Ç®¾î¿Ô´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ¾î´À°÷¿¡³ª ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¹«·á·Î ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Ù! ¿ì¸® ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀÇ Å³·¯·Î ¸¸µç °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹«ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇØ¾ßÇÒ ¸ðµç ÀÏÀº ´«À» Å©°Ô ¶ß°í ¹Ï±â ¾î·Á¿ï Á¤µµ·Î ³Ë³ËÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¡Áø ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Áø½ÇÀ» º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ´ÜÁö ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ³ª¹«¿¡¼ ¿¸° °ú½ÇÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô µû¸ð¾Æ¾ß¸¸ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª¹«¸¦ µµ³¢·Î Âï¾î¼ Á×ÀÌ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡.
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Dissipating The Collected Energy
¼öÁýµÈ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¼Ò»ê
The Work Cycle: We focus again on cycle two. Shortly after the now-potentialized collector is connected to the load at the beginning of cycle 2 (the power cycle, or energy dissipation cycle, or work cycle), the potential gradient across the potentialized collector is connected (transferred) across the free electrons in the load circuit. We assume that the material of the collector and the switching time have been designed so that, shortly after switching to the loading/work cycle, the activated/potentialized free electrons in the electron gas in the collector reach the skin of the collector, and are free to move as current.
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ÀÏÀÇ »çÀÌŬ: »çÀÌŬ 2¿¡ ´Ù½Ã ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃ߾ÀÚ. ÀÌ ½ÃÁ¡-ÀüÀ§ÈpotentializedµÈ ¼öÁý±â°¡ »çÀÌŬ2ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ ºÎÇÏ¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§,(power cycle ¶Ç´Â energy dissipation cycle ¶Ç´Â work cycle)-ÀÇ Á÷ÈÄ¿¡, ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ¼öÁý±âpotentialized collector¸¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ³õ¿©Áø ÀüÀ§°æ»çpotential gradient´Â ºÎÇÏȸ·Î³»ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¿¬°á(Àüȯ)µÈ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¼öÁý±âÀÇ ÀçÁú°ú ÀüȯµÇ´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ »çÀü¿¡ °è»êµÇ¾ú´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼, load/work »çÀÌŬ·Î ÀüȯµÈ Á÷ÈÄ, Ȱ¼ºÈactivatedµÇ°í ÀüÀ§ÈpotentializedµÈ ¼öÁý±âÀÇ ÀüÀÚ°¡½º³»ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ´Â ¼öÁý±âÀÇ Ç¥¸éÀ¸·Î µµ´ÞÇϰí, Àü·ùÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
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So just after the beginning of cycle two, each of the free electrons in the load circuit now is potentialized and free to move down the wiring. Each potentialized (activated) electron has its own little individual potential gradient across it and coupled to it, due to the overall potential gradient from the collector. Remember, prior to coupling to charges, this potential gradient moves through the circuit at light speed. An EM potential gradient coupled to a charged mass constitutes an EM force field (excess trapped EM energy per coulomb, times the number of collecting coulombs). Now each little free electron with its potential gradient forms a little E-field (force/charge), and that little E-field (force/charge) is free to move. That's all it takes to move (accelerate) the little activated electron's mass through the load (the scatterer). We strongly stress that the potentialized/activated electron moves itself. It doesn't care whether or not the external battery is attached or not. It is its own little motorboat, with its own little engine driving it.
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±×·¯¹Ç·Î, »çÀÌŬ2°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ Á÷ÈÄ¿¡´Â, ºÎÇÏȸ·Î ³»ÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚµéÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ÀüÀ§ÈµÇ¾î µµ¼±À» µû¶ó ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ(Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ) ÀüÀÚ´Â ±×°Í¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ÀÛÀº·®ÀÇ °³°³ÀÇ ÀÚüÀûÀÎ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¼öÁý±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â ÀüüÀûÀÎ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±â¾ïÇÒ °ÍÀº, ÀüÇϸ¦ °É±âÀü¿¡, ÀÌ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç´Â ȸ·Î¸¦ µû¶ó ºûÀÇ ¼Óµµ·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀδÙ. ÃæÀüµÈ ¹°Áú¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀüÀÚ±â ÀüÀ§°æ»ç´Â ÀüÀڱ⠷ÂÀåEM force field¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù.(Äð·Ò´ç ÀâÇôÁø À׿© ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö* ¼öÁýµÈ Äð·ÒÀÇ ¼ö). ÀÌÁ¦ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ °¡Áø °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÛÀº ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ´Â ÀÛÀº E-field (force/charge)¸¦ Çü¼ºÇϰí, ±× ÀÛÀº E-field´Â ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¿òÁ÷ÀδÙ. À̰ÍÀÌ È°¼ºÈµÈ ÀÛÀº Áú·®ÀÇ ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ºÎÇÏ(¼Ò»ê±â)¸¦ ÅëÇØ °¡¼Ó½Ã۱â À§ÇÑ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ ÀüÀ§È/Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ ÀüÀÚ°¡ ½º½º·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀ» °·ÂÇÏ°Ô ¾ï¾ÐÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ¹èÅ͸®°¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖµç ¾Æ´Ïµç °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀÚüÀÇ ±¸µ¿¿£ÁøÀ» °¡Áø ÀÛÀº ¸ðÅͺ¸Æ®¿Í °°´Ù.
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As the little potentialized electrons reach the load (the scatterer), they bang and clang around in there erratically. That is, the "scatterer" (load) causes spurious accelerations ("scatterings") of these self-driven electrons. As is well-known, when a charge is accelerated, it radiates photons. What actually happens is that these little "jerked around" electrons shuck off their little potential gradients in the load (in the scatterer, or the "jerker-arounder") by emitting/radiating photons in all directions. Hence the heat that is produced in the load; the heat is just these scattered photons. The theory of calorimetry already states that all the excess energy (on the potentialized electrons) will be dissipated as this heat (scattered EM energy).
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ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀÛÀº ÀüÀÚµéÀÌ ºÎÇÏ(¼Ò»ê±â)¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϰԵǸé, ±×µéÀº ±×°÷¿¡¼ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÇÏ°Ô À̸®Àú¸® Ãæµ¹Çϸç È寮·¯Áø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº, "¼Ò»ê±âscatterer"(ºÎÇÏ)°¡ ÀÌ ÀÚü±¸µ¿ÀÇ ÀüÀÚµéÀÇ °¡»óÀûÀÎ °¡¼Óspurious accelerations (¼Ò»ê)À» À¯¹ß½Ã۱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ÀüÇϰ¡ °¡¼ÓµÉ¶§, À̰ÍÀº ±¤ÀÚ¸¦ ¹æÃâÇÑ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀϾ´Â ÀÏÀº ÀÌµé °©ÀÚ±â Àâ¾Æ´ç°ÜÁø ÀüÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀÛÀº ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ ±¤ÀÚ¸¦ ¸ðµç ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¹æÃâÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºÎÇϳ»¿¡¼ ÀÒ¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù ( ¼Ò»ê±â ³»ºÎ¿¡¼, ¶Ç´Â "jerker-arounder). ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ºÎÇÏ ³»¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¿Àº; ¿Àº ´ÜÁö À̵é Èð¾îÁö´Â ±¤ÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù. ¿·®ÃøÁ¤ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¸ðµç À׿©¿¡³ÊÁö(ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀüÀÚ¿¡¼)´Â ÀÌ ¿(¼Ò»êµÈ ÀüÀڱ⠿¡³ÊÁö)ÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÈð¾îÁø´Ù°í Ç¥±âÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
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When all the potentialized electrons have radiated away their potential gradients in the load (scatterer), they are no longer potentialized. The free electron gas is again "quiescent" and no longer potentialized/activated (again, we are talking about "on the average" from a classical viewpoint).
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¸ðµç ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀüÀÚµéÀÌ ºÎÇÏ(¼Ò»ê±â)³»¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÇ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ ¹æÃâÇØ ¹ö¸®°í ³ª¸é, ±×µéÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀüÀ§¸¦ °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ°¡½º´Â ´Ù½Ã "Á¶¿ëÇÑ" ±×¸®°í ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀüÀ§È/Ȱ¼ºÈ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù (´Ù½Ã, ¿ì¸®´Â Åë»óÀû ½Ã°¢¿¡¼ "Æò±ÕÀû" Çö»óÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù).
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Repetition and Review
¹Ýº¹°ú Àç°í
Notice What We've Done: We took some trapped EM energy density (a chunk of potential gradient, a "voltage" before current flows) from the source, by switching that potential gradient (energy density, which is joules per coulomb) onto a collector (containing a certain number of coulombs of trapped charges) where the potential gradient activates/potentializes/couples-to these temporarily non translating electrons.So the finite collector collected a finite amount of excess energy [joules/coulomb x collecting (trapped) coulombs] on its now-excited (activated) free electrons. Then, before any current has yet flowed from the source, we switched that potentialized collector (with its temporarily restrained but potentialized electrons; with their finite amount of excess trapped EM energy) away from the source and directly across the load. Shortly thereafter, the relaxation time in the collector expires. The potentialized electrons in the collector are freed to move in the external load circuit, consisting of the collector and the load, and so they do so. The scattering "shock collisions" due to the erratic electron accelerations in the load shake off the little potential gradients on the conduction electrons, emitting photons in all directions, which we call "heat." In shaking off the photons, the electrons lose their little potential gradients, hence lose their activation (excess EM energy).
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¿ì¸®°¡ Áö±Ý±îÁö ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷·Á¶ó: ¿ì¸®´Â ÀüÀ§°æ»ç(¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ, joules per coulomb)¸¦ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼öÁý±â(°¤ÇôÁø ÀÏÁ¤ ¼öÀÇ coulombÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Â)-ÀüÀ§°æ»ç°¡ Ȱ¼ºÈµÇ°í/ÀüÀ§ÈµÇ°í/¦Áö¾îÁö´Â °÷, ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀüÀÚµé-ÂÊÀ¸·Î¹Ù²Ù¾î ÁÜÀ¸·ÎÇØ¼ ¾à°£ÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ(ÀüÀ§°æ»çÀÇ µ¢¾î¸®, Àü·ù°¡ È帣±â ÀüÀÇ "voltage" )¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ À¯ÇÑÇÑ ¼öÁý±â´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ÈïºÐµÈ(Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ) ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀڵ鿡°Ô À¯ÇÑÇÑ ¾çÀÇ À׿©¿¡³ÊÁö[joules/coulomb * collecting(trapped) coulombs]¸¦ ¸ð¾ÆÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í, Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾î¶² Àü·ùµµ ¾ÆÁ÷ È帣±âÀü¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â ±× ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ¼öÁý±â(ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â, ±×·¯³ª ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀüÀÚµé; ±×µéÀº À¯ÇÑÇÑ ¾çÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø À׿© ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.)¸¦ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌÅ»½ÃÄÑ °ð¹Ù·Î ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ¿¬°á½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×·¯°í³ª¼ ¹Ù·Î, ¼öÁý±âÀÇ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£Àº Á¾·áµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼öÁý±â ³»¿¡¼ ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀüÀÚµéÀº ¼öÁý±â¿Í ºÎÇÏ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ºÎÇÏȸ·Î ³»¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¿òÁ÷À̰í, ¶Ç ±×·¸°Ô ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎÇϳ»¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀüÀÚÀÇ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÇÑ °¡¼Ó¼ºÇâÀ¸·Î Ãæµ¹, ÈðÀ¸·¯ÁüÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀüÀÚµéÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÛÀº ÀüÀ§°æ»ç°¡ ¶³¾îÁ®³ª°¡ ¹ö¸°´Ù. ±¤¾çÀÚ¸¦ ¸ðµç ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¹æÃâÇϴµ¥, À̰ÍÀ» "¿heat"À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ±¤¾çÀÚ¸¦ Åо¸é¼, ÀüÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀÛÀº ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ ÀÒ°í, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÛµ¿ÀÌ ¸ØÃß°Ô µÈ´Ù(À׿© ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö).
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Rigorously, we have extracted some energy in trapped form, and allowed it to dissipate in the load, "powering the load" for a finite discharge/dissipation time and doing work.20 Contrary to the conventional electrical power engineering, we have also done this without doing any work inside the source to diminish its ability to furnish potential gradient.
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¾ö¹ÐÈ÷ ¸»ÇØ, ¿ì¸®´Â °¤ÇôÁø »óÅÂÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »Ì¾Æ³»¾î, ºÎÇÏ¿¡¼ ¼Ò»êµÇµµ·ÏÇϸç, Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¹æÀü/¼Ò»ê ½Ã°£µ¿¾È "ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±Þ" ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÀ» Çϵµ·ÏÇÑ´Ù. Åë»óÀÇ Àü±â°øÇп¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ°Ô, ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Àü¿øÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ÁÖ¾îÁø ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ °æ°¨½ÃŰ´Â ÀÏ ¾øÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ÇØ³»¾ú´Ù.
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What Is Energy In An Electric Circuit?
Àü±âȸ·Î ³»ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
Energy in an Electric Circuit: Here's the principle loud and clear. Energy in an electric circuit involves only the potentialization and depotentialization of the electron carriers in that circuit.21 It involves only the potential gradient (the joules per coulomb) collected by the circuit to potentialize its electrons, and the number of coulombs of electrons that are potentialized during the collection phase. Electric circuits simply utilize electrons as carriers of "potential gradients," from the source to the load, where these gradients and the activated electrons constitute excess trapped EM energy. In the "shocking/scattering" occurring in the load, the jerking (acceleration) of the electrons causes these activated (trapped-energy-carrying) electrons to shuck off their potential gradients by emitting them as scattered photons (heat).
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Àü±âȸ·Î ³»ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö: ¿©±â¿¡ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ȸ·Î ³»¿¡¼ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ±× ȸ·Î ³»ÀÇ ÀüÀÚ¿î¹ÝÀÇ ÀüÀ§È¿Í ¹ÝÀüÀ§È¿¡¸¸ °ü°èÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ÀüÀÚ¿Í ¼öÁý°úÁ¤¿¡¼ ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀüÀÚµéÀÇ coulomb °¹¼ö¸¦ ÀüÀ§ÈÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¸ð¾ÆÁø ÀüÀ§°æ»ç(joules per coulomb)¿Í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Àü±âȸ·Î´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÀüÀÚ¸¦ "ÀüÀ§°æ»ç"¸¦ Àü¿ø¿¡¼ ºÎÇÏ·Î ¿î¹ÝÇÏ´Â µµ±¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ gradients¿Í Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ ÀüÀÚ´Â À׿©ÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö°¡ µÈ´Ù. ºÎÇÏ ³»¿¡¼ "Ãæ°Ý/¼Ò»ê"ÀÌ ÀϾ¸é¼, ³¬¾ÆÃ¤¿©Áø(°¡¼ÓµÈ) ÀüÀÚ´Â À̵é Ȱ¼ºÈµÈ(°¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¿î¹ÝÇÏ´Â) ÀüÀÚµéÀÌ ±¤ÀÚ¸¦ Èð¾î¹ö¸²(¿)À¸·ÎÇØ¼ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ ÅÐ¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù.
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If one is thoughtless enough to allow the primary potential source to remain in the circuit during the "work" phase, then one is using the potentialized electrons to also go back into the primary source and scatter energy from its internal resistance (internal load), thereby disorganizing the organization that was producing the source potential and energy in the first place. If one does that, then all the while one is getting some work (scattering of energy) in the load, one is also steadily getting some work done inside the primary source to steadily destroy it! Literally, one is killing the goose that lays the golden eggs.
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¸¸¾à ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ý°¢¾øÀÌ "ÀÏ"ÀÇ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ 1Â÷Àü¿øÀ» ȸ·Î¿¡ ±×´ë·Î ¿¬°á½ÃÄѵξú´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀüÀÚ°¡ 1Â÷Àü¿øÀÇ ³»ºÎ·Î ´Ù½Ã µé¾î°¡¼ ±×°ÍÀÇ ³»ºÎÀúÇ×(³»ºÎºÎÇÏ)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¼Ò»ê½Ã۵µ·Ï Çϸç, ÀüÀ§¿Í ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÇØÃ¼½ÃŰ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´©±º°¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇൿÀ» ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¾î¶µç ±×´Â ºÎÇϸ¦ ÅëÇØ ¾à°£ÀÇ ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ¶ÇÇÑ 1Â÷Àü¿ø ³»¿¡¼ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¹Ç·Î½á ±×°ÍÀ» Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÄ±«ÇÑ´Ù! ¸»±×´ë·Î, ±×´Â Ȳ±Ý¾ËÀ» ³º´Â °ÅÀ§¸¦ Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Continued Operations: But back to our circuit. After we complete one full collection/discharge cycle, we wish to continue producing work in the external load. So we simply switch the collector back away from the load and onto the primary source, collect some more current-free potential, and again independently switch the collector with its repotentialized free electrons back across the load. We can repeat this two-cycle process to potentialize the external load and power it as long as we wish, from a battery or other source of potential, and never take any power at all from the primary battery. We do not need to drain the battery or source at all, in order to power a load, unless we attempt to power it directly. Powering the external load is always free!
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°è¼ÓµÇ´Â ÀÛµ¿: ±×·¯³ª ȸ·Î·Î ´Ù½Ã µ¹¾Æ°¡¼ º¸ÀÚ. ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¼öÁý/¹æÀü ½ÎÀÌŬÀÌ ³¡³ÈÄ, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ °è¼Ó ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⸦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â °£´ÜÈ÷ ¼öÁý±âÀÇ ½ºÀ§Ä¡¸¦ ºÎÇϷκÎÅÍ 1Â÷Àü¿øÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿Å°Ü¼, Á»´õ ¸¹Àº Àü·ù¸¦ ¸ðÀº´Ù - ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀ§, ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ÀçÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀüÀÚ¸¦ °¡Áø ¼öÁý±â¸¦ ºÎÇÏ¿Í ¿¬°á½ÃŲ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ 2-½ÎÀÌŬÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿øÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£¸¸Å ¿ÜºÎºÎÇÏ¿¡ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹èÅ͸®³ª ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÀüÀ§¿øÀ¸·Î ºÎÅ͵µ, 1Â÷ ¹èÅ͸®·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÆÄ¿öµµ ¾Ñ¾Æ°¡Áö ¾Ê°í ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¹èÅ͸®³ª Àü¿ø¿¡ Á÷Á¢¿¬°á¸¸ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹èÅ͸®³ª Àü¿øÀ» ÀüÇô ¼Ò¸ð½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ÜºÎºÎÇϸ¦ ÀÛµ¿½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª °øÂ¥ÀÌ´Ù!
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Nature has been most kind, and we have been most ignorant. You can have all the trapped electrical energy you wish, from any source of potential, for free. You can power all the external loads you wish, for free, by using a collector as a secondary source, and simply shuttling potential between the primary source and the collector.22 But you cannot have power for free from (in) the potential source. If you allow current flow in your collection cycle, you are depleting the separated charges inside the battery that are furnishing the source potential.
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ÀÚ¿¬Àº °¡Àå Ä£ÀýÇÏ¿´°í, ¿ì¸®´Â °¡Àå ¹«ÁöÇß´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀüÀ§source·Î ºÎÅ͵µ, ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø Àü±â¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ¹«·á·Î ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.´ç½ÅÀº ¼öÁý±â¸¦ 2Â÷Àü¿øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇϰí, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÀüÀ§¸¦ 1Â÷Àü¿ø°ú ¼öÁý±â »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ¿Õº¹½ÃÅ´À¸·Î ÇØ¼, ¸ðµç ¿ÜºÎºÎÇϸ¦ ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀº ÀüÀ§source ÀÚü·Î ºÎÅÍ´Â ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ¹«·á·Î ¾òÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¼öÁý°úÁ¤¿¡¼ Àü·ùÀÇ È帧À» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ¹èÅ͸® ³»¿¡¼ ºÐ¸®µÈ ÀüÀ§¸¦ °í°¥½Ãų °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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The Coal-Fired Locomotive
¼®Åº¿Â÷
Rigorous Analogy of a Coal-Fired Locomotive. Now here's an exact analogy, to assist in understanding. Imagine a coal-fired train, and a fireman shoveling coal. He has an external load/scatterer of energy (the fire in the firebox under the boiler). He has a primary source of potential/energy (the coal car). No fireman in his right mind would ignite the coal in the chute of the coal bin, to try and get some heat energy into the firebox! [That is, he would not attempt to extract power from the source. Yet that's exactly what all we engineers are trained to do at present.] Instead, the fireman takes out (collects) a finite amount (a shovelful) of coal (trapped energy). Coal per se (the potential gradient) has a certain energy density per unit volume (trapped joules per unit volume of coal) and the shovel (collector) has a certain volume. Accordingly, the shovelful of coal contains a certain amount of trapped joules of energy. In the fireman's shovel (the collector), the energy remains in totally trapped form, as coal not afire and without its trapped energy being dissipated as work. [He doesn't act like a fool and ignite the coal in the shovel either!] He then throws that shovel of coal (collected trapped energy) onto the fire (scatterer), completely separately from the coal bin/source. He continues to repeat his shoveling cycle, and each shovelful of coal added to the fire dissipates additional energy, powering the load.
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¼®Åº¿Â÷¿¡ ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ ºñÀ¯ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌÇØ¸¦ µ½±âÀ§ÇØ ¿©±â¿¡ Á¤È®ÇÑ ºñÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù, ¼®ÅºÀ¸·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ¿Â÷¸¦ ¿¬»óÇØ º¸¶ó. Àκΰ¡ ¼®ÅºÀ» »ðÀ¸·Î ÆÛ¼ ³Ö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¿ÜºÎºÎÇÏ/¼Ò»ê±â(º¸ÀÏ·¯ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â È·Î ³»ÀÇ ºÒ)¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀüÀ§/¿¡³ÊÁö(¼®Åº¿Â÷)ÀÇ 1Â÷Àü¿øÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á¦Á¤½ÅÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷À̶ó¸é È·Î ³»¿¡¼ ¿¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¾ò±âÀ§ÇØ ¼®ÅºÀ» È·Î ¹Ù±ù¿¡¼ Å¿ìÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù! [ Áï, ±×´Â source¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ÃßÃâÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº Á¤È®È÷ ¿ì¸® ¸ðµç °øÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Áö±Ý ÈÆ·Ã¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.] ±×´ë½Å, Àκδ À¯ÇÑ·®(Çѻ𠰡µæÈ÷)ÀÇ ¼®Åº(°¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö)À» ÇÑ »ð ¶ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù(¼öÁý). ¼®Åº/se?(ÀüÀ§°æ»ç)´Â ´ÜÀ§ºÎÇÇ´ç ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ¸¦ °®°í(´ÜÀ§ ºÎÇÇÀÇ ¼®Åº´ç °¤ÇôÁø joules) »ð(¼öÁý±â)Àº ÀÏÁ¤ ¿ë·®À» °®´Â´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÇÑ»ðÀÇ ¼®ÅºÀº ÀÏÁ¤·®ÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö joulesÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ÀκÎÀÇ »ð(¼öÁý±â) ³»ºÎ¿¡¼´Â, ¼®ÅºÀÌ ºÒŸ°í Àְųª °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ÀÏÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¼Ò»êµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ °¤ÇôÁø »óÅ·Π³²¾ÆÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. [±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ »ð¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼®ÅºÀ» ºÒÅ¿ì´Â ¹Ùº¸ÁþÀº ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù!] ±×´Â ÇÑ»ðÀÇ ¼®Åº(¼öÁýµÈ °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö)À» ºÒ(¼Ò»ê±â)¿¡ Áý¾î³Ö°í, ¼®ÅºÀ» ¼®ÅºÃ¢°í/Àü¿ø¿¡¼ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ºÐ¸®½ÃŲ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ »ðÁú½ÎÀÌŬÀ» °è¼Ó ¹Ýº¹Çϰí, ÇÑ»ð ÇÑ»ðÀÇ ¼®ÅºÀº ºÒ¿¡ ´øÁ®Á®¼ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¼Ò»ê½Ã۸ç, ºÎÇϸ¦ ÀÛµ¿½ÃŲ´Ù.
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The Free Energy Principle
ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö ¿øÄ¢
All potential gradient (trapped excess energy density) is free for the taking.23 The potential is due to the violent VPF exchange between the vacuum and the separated bipolar charges furnishing the source potential gradient. The energy of the entire universe is flowing through that source potential. You can have as much of this internal VPF flux energy (potential) as you wish, as often as you wish, so long as you don't demand current (which is power, or the rate at which the energy is being freed and dissipated). It's really simple. You can have all the trapped energy you wish, from any source. You cannot connect to the source and start to dissipate the energy as power, however, without starting to close the "gate" from which your free trapped energy is coming.
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¸ðµç ÀüÀ§°æ»ç (°¤ÇôÁø À׿©¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ)´Â ¹«·áÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀ§´Â °ø°£°ú Àü¿ø¿¡ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ºÐ¸®µÈ ¾ç±Ø¼ºÀ» °¡Áø ÀüÇÏ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ VPF°¡ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ±³È¯µÊÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ »ý±â´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ±× source potentialÀ» ÅëÇØ È帥´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº Àü·ù ( power, ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ÇØÁ¦µÇ¾î ¼Ò»êµÇ´Â À²)¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê´ÂÇÑ, ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ ³»ºÎ VPF flux ¿¡³ÊÁö(ÀüÀ§)¸¦ ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Á¤¸» °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ Àü¿øÀ¸·Î ºÎÅ͵µ ¿øÇϴ¸¸ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº Àü¿ø¿¡ ¿¬°áÀ» ÇÏ¿© ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¼Ò»ê½ÃÄÑ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ¾ò´Â ÀÏÀº ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø ¹«·áÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ Èê·¯µé¾î¿À´Â "¹®gate"À» ´ÝÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î½á ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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In other words, here's the iron rule: If you draw current, you kill the bipolarity gate furnishing the potential gradient (source of energy density). In that case, you kill the source. If you do not draw current, you do not kill the bipolarity gate and you do not shut down the source. In that case, you can continue to "use" it and extract trapped EM energy from it forever.
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´Ù¸¥¸»·Î, ¿©±â¿¡ öĢÀÌÀÖ´Ù: ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ Àü·ù¸¦ ²ø¾îµéÀδٸé, ´ç½ÅÀº ÀüÀ§°æ»ç(¿¡³ÊÁö¹ÐµµÀÇ Àü¿ø)¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇØÁÖ´Â ¾ç ±Ø¼ºÀÇ ¹®À» Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·± °æ¿ì, ´ç½ÅÀº Àü¿øÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ Àü·ù¸¦ ²ø¾îµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ¾ç ±Ø¼ºÀÇ °ü¹®À» Á×ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í Àü¿øÀ» ¼ÒÁø½ÃŰÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì, ´ç½ÅÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼ °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ "»ç¿ë" ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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Definitions Again
´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ
Definitions: I'll put down some simple equations, that may help to explain it more exactly. First we repeat some definitions.
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Á¤ÀÇ: ³ª´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ °£´ÜÇÑ °ø½ÄÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ Á»´õ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» Çϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¼±, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
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Energy is any ordering imposed upon the virtual particle flux of vacuum. EM energy is any ordering imposed upon the virtual photon flux of vacuum. Static energy is an ordering (a template) which is stationary with respect to the external observer. Dynamic energy is an ordering (a template) which is not stationary with respect to the external observer.
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¿¡³ÊÁö´Â °ø°£»ó¿¡¼ ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÔÀÚÈ帧À§¿¡ ³õ¿©Áø ÀÏÀýÀÇ ¹è¿,¼ø¼,±ÔÄ¢orderingÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö´Â °ø°£»ó¿¡¼ ½ÇÁ¦ ±¤¾çÀÚÈ帧ÀÇ À§¿¡ ³õ¿©Áø ÀÏÀýÀÇ ¹è¿,¼ø¼,±ÔÄ¢orderingÀÌ´Ù. Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¿ÜºÎ °üÃøÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù. µ¿ÀûÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¿ÜºÎ°üÃøÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Á¤ÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù.
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Potential: Any ordering imposed upon the virtual particle flux of vacuum. Scalar potential is an ordering (template) that is not moving with respect to the external observer. Vector potential is an ordering (template) that is moving with respect to the external observer.
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ÀüÀ§: °ø°£»óÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÔÀÚÈ帧 À§¿¡ ³õ¿©Áø ÀÏÀýÀÇ ¹è¿,Áú¼,±ÔÄ¢. ½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀº ¿ÜºÎ°üÃøÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù. º¤ÅÍÆ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀº ¿ÜºÎ°üÃøÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù.
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The scalar EM potential is any static (with respect to the external observer) ordering imposed upon the virtual photon flux of vacuum. Etc.
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½ºÄ®¶ó ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö(¿ÜºÎ°üÃøÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼)´Â °ø°£»óÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ±¤¾çÀÚÈ帧 À§¿¡ ³õ¿©Áø ÀÏÀýÀÇ Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù.
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Note again that energy and potential have exactly the same definition. Potential is in fact trapped energy. Scalar EM potential is static EM energy (to the external observer) or trapped (collected) EM energy. In other words, if one takes off a differential of potential onto a fixed number of coulombs, one takes off a certain magnitude of trapped EM energy. In other words, one takes out a shovelful of coal from the coal car.
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¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í ÀüÀ§´Â Á¤È®È÷ ¶È°°Àº Á¤ÀÇÀÓÀ» ´Ù½ÃÇѹø »ó±âÇÏÀÚ. ÀüÀ§´Â ½ÇÁ¦ °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÌ´Ù. ½ºÄ®¶ó ÀüÀÚ±â ÀüÀ§´Â Á¤ÀûÀÎ ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö(¿ÜºÎ °üÃøÀÚ¿¡°Ô) ¶Ç´Â °¤ÇôÁø (¼öÁýµÈ) ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁöÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥¸»·Î Ç¥ÇöÇϸé, ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀüÀ§Â÷¸¦ ´ú¾î³»¾î ÀÏÁ¤ ¼öÀÇ Äð·Ò¿¡ ´øÁ® ³Ö¾îÁÖ¸é, ±×´Â ÀÏÁ¤·®ÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö¸¦ ´ú¾î³½ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ±×´Â ¼®ÅºÂ÷¿¡¼ Çѻ𠰡µæÈ÷ ¼®ÅºÀ» ÆÛ³½ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Importance of Separation of Charges
ÀüÇϺи®ÀÇ Á߿伺
We Must Not Dispel the Separation of Charges In Our Source: The difference in our coal-fired train analogy and our electrical circuit is that, in the coal train, the coal in the coal car is not automatically and continually replenished. Also, the coal in the coal car has already been collected by the mass of the coal car, so it is not infinite. In the electrical circuit, the potential gradient in the primary source is continually replenished, automatically, and it is infinite (though it has a finite energy density). The reason is simple. EM potential (in the normal sense) is actually a virtual photon flux exchange between the vacuum (the entire vacuum, all over the universe) and a charged particle or collection of charged particles.24 Thus the potential (gradient) is a powerful energy flux, pumped by the vacuum and the entire universe, that continues automatically, so long as we do not allow the collected charges in our bipolarity source to be dissipated. In terms of a battery, we achieved separation of charges inside the battery by chemical action, and we paid for that initially. Once separated, the charges essentially stay separated (because of the chemistry) unless we foolishly do something to dissipate them, such as upsetting the chemistry, so they are no longer separated positive from negative. So if we don't do anything to these separated charges, they continue to be driven by their fierce exchange of virtual photon flux with the vacuum/universe. If we then simply extract some of that flux exchange, without moving the charges, we are directly "gating" trapped EM energy from the vacuum/charged particle VPF exchange.25
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¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àü¿ø ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ÀüÇÏÀÇ ºÐ¸®¸¦ È寮·Á¼´Â Àý´ë ¾ÈµÈ´Ù: Áõ±â¿Â÷¿Í Àü±âȸ·ÎÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº, Áõ±â¿Â÷¿¡¼´Â, ¼®ÅºÂ÷ ³»ÀÇ ¼®ÅºÀº ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ̰í Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Àçº¸ÃæÀÌ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¼®ÅºÂ÷ ³»ÀÇ ¼®ÅºÀº ÀÌ¹Ì °Å´ëÇÑ ¼®Åº°ø±ÞÂ÷·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÏÁ¤·® ÀûÀçµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼, ¹«ÇÑÇÏÁö°¡ ¾Ê´Ù. Àü±âȸ·Î ³»¿¡¼´Â, 1Â÷Àü¿ø ³»ÀÇ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç´Â Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î º¸ÃæÀÌ µÇ¸ç, ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î, À̰ÍÀº ¹«ÇÑ ´ëÀÌ´Ù (¼³»ç À̰ÍÀÌ À¯ÇÑÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°íÇØµµ). ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ÀüÀÚ±âÀüÀ§( »ó½ÄÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡¿¡¼)´Â »ç½Ç ½ÇÁ¦ ±¤¾çÀÚÈ帧ÀÇ °ø°£( ¸ðµç °ø°£, ¸ðµç ¿ìÁÖ¿¡ °ÉÄ£)°ú ´ëÀüµÈ ¹°Áú ¶Ç´Â ´ëÀüµÈ ¹°ÁúÀÇ ÁýÇÕ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ÀÇ »óÈ£±³È¯À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦ ±¤¾çÀÚÈ帧ÀÇ »óÈ£±³È¯Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼öÁýµÈ ÀüÇϸ¦ ¾ç ±Ø¼ºÀÇ Àü¿ø¿¡ º¸³»¾î ¼Ò»ê½ÅŰÁö¸¸ ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù. ¹èÅ͸®¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î´Â, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² ÈÇÐÀû ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ ÃʱâÀÇ ´ë°¡¸¦ ÁöºÒÇϰí ÀüÇϸ¦ ±× ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ºÐ¸®½ÃÄÑ ³õÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çѹø ºÐ¸®°¡ µÈ ÀüÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ùº¸Ã³·³ ±×°ÍÀ» ¼Ò»ê½ÃŰ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®µÈ »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù (ÈÇÐÀû ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ). ÈÇÐÀû ÀÛ¿ëÀ» µÚÁý´Â´Ù¸é, ¹èÅ͸®´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾ç±Ø°ú À½±ØÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ ºÐ¸®µÈ ÀüÇÏ¿¡ ¾Æ¹«·± Áþµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº °ø°£/¿ìÁÖ¿ÍÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ ±¤¾çÀÚÈ帧ÀÇ »óÈ£±³È¯À¸·Î °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸µ¿ÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀüÇϸ¦ ¿Å±âÁö ¾Ê°í ±× È帧ÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÃßÃâÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â Á÷Á¢ °ø°£/´ëÀüµÈ ¹°ÁúÀÇ VPF »óÈ£±³È¯¿¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁöÀÇ "°ü¹®¿ªÇÒ"À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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The Potential Is Infinite And So Is Its Energy Content
ÀüÀ§´Â ¹«ÇÑ ´ëÀÌ°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̰ÍÀº ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÌ´Ù.
You Can't Dip The Ocean Dry With a Spoon: Let's say that another way. The charged particles in our potential source are in a constant, seething, equilibrium exchange of trapped EM energy with the entire universe. That energy exchange is so enormous that, if we gate some of it out to collect on some other "temporarily frozen" charges and potentialize/activate them, the vacuum flux doesn't even miss it. It's like dipping a spoonful of water out of the restless ocean. The hole is instantly filled, and the water replenished. We can dip with that spoon as much as we wish, and the ocean will never run dry, but will simply continue to furnish us water, spoonful by spoonful.
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´ç½ÅÀº ¼ù°¡¶ôÀ¸·Î ´ë¾çÀÌ ¹Ù´ÚÀ» µå·¯³¾ ¶§±îÁö ¹°À» ÆÛ³¾ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù: À̰ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¸»Çغ¸ÀÚ. ÀüÀ§source ³»ÀÇ ´ëÀüµÈ ÀüÇÏ´Â °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁöÀÇ Àüü¿ìÁÖ¿ÍÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤Çϰí, ºÐÃâÇϸç, ÆòÇüµÈ »óÈ£±³È¯ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ±¤´ëÇÏ¿© ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ ±× ÀϺθ¦ ÃßÃâÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ "ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤Áö"µÈ ÀüÇÏ¿¡ ¸ð¾ÆµéÀδٵ簡 ±×µéÀ» ÀüÀ§È/Ȱ¼ºÈÇÑ´Ù ÇØµµ, °ø°£È帧Àº ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Æ±î¿öÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ½°¾ø´Â ´ë¾ç¿¡¼ ÇѼù°¥ÀÇ ¹°À» ¶°³»´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù. ±× ±¸¸ÛÀº ¼ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Þ²Ù¾îÁö°í, ´Ù½Ã Àçº¸ÃæµÈ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸¸Å ¼ù°¡¶ôÀ¸·Î ¶°³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¹Ù´Ù´Â Àý´ë·Î ¸¶¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´ë½Å, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÇѼù°¥ ÇѼù°¥ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¹°À» °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© Á¦°øÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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The same is true in our electric circuits. We can have all the potential (trapped EM energy density) we wish, for free, from a single source, so long as we do not allow work to be done inside the source to close off our "gate" and kill our primary source.
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Àü±âȸ·Îµµ ±×¿Í ¶È°°´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ Àü¿ø ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ¿© "¹®"À» ´Ý¾Æ ¹ö¸®°í 1Â÷Àü¿øÀ» Á×ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀüÀ§(°¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ)¸¦ ¹«·á·Î °¡Áú ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
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The Twisted Concept of Voltage
ºñ¶Ô¾îÁø Àü¾ÐÀÇ °³³ä
Before We Develop Some Pseudo-Equations: In the equations we wish to develop, we have one problem, due to the lack of insight of conventional electrical physicists. That is, they have insisted upon "measuring" and expressing both the infinite potential (nondissipated) and a certain quantity of potential (dissipated) in volts. So they say "a potential of so many volts." That's nonsense, and totally erroneous. Rigorously, a voltage is a drop or a dissipation of so much (a finite amount of) collected excess potential/energy. You "measure" the voltage in a voltmeter by impressing a potential gradient upon the electron gas in the circuitry, wherein you collect or get in your voltmeter so much [(joules/coulomb) x coulombs]. A tiny current (coulombs/second) from this internal collection then flows for a finite time through the resistance of the voltmeter. So you dissipate (joules/coulomb) x (coulombs/second) x (seconds), which gives a certain amount of energy dissipated as work in moving the needle of the voltmeter. The voltmeter is calibrated so that it effectively indicates the collected energy per coulomb that was dissipated, and it calls that entity voltage. It involves a finite amount of energy that has already been dissipated as work, and it's a measure of the local energy density of the potential in terms of joules/coulomb. It is not a measure of the potential proper. It's after the fact; the extracted (collected) potential gradient it actually refers to existed in the past, before the work (dissipation of the collected trapped energy) was done. To refer to the potential before its dissipation as "voltage" is precisely the same as confusing the future with the past. A "potential (difference) of so many volts" is actually a statement that "a potential difference of so much energy per coulomb" could be dissipated in a load, if it were connected to the load so that a finite amount of energy was collected, and this finite load-collection was allowed to dissipate as power (volts/coulomb x coulomb/sec) for a finite time, yielding work. It's even worse, but it would take a textbook to straighten out this one error in EM theory.
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°¡»óÀÇ ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀ» °³¹ßÇϱ⿡ ¾Õ¼: ¿ì¸®°¡ °³¹ßÀ» ¿øÇÏ´Â ¹æÁ¤½Äµé¿¡´Â,ÀüÅë Àü±â¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ÅëÂû·Â ºÎÁ·À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÇѰ¡ÁöÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº, ±×µéÀº ¹«ÇÑ ´ëÀÇ ÀüÀ§( ¼Ò»êµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº)¿Í ÀÏÁ¤·®ÀÇ ÀüÀ§( ¼Ò»êµÈ) ¸ðµÎ¸¦ volts¶ó´Â ´ÜÀ§·Î "ÃøÁ¤Çϰí" Ç¥ÇöÇÒ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº "³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº voltsÀÇ ÀüÀ§" ¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ³Í¼¾½ºÀ̰í, ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾ö¹ÐÈ÷ ¸»ÇØ, Àü¾ÐÀº ¸¹Àº·®(À¯ÇÑÇÑ ·®)ÀÇ ¼öÁýµÈ À׿©ÀüÀ§/¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ °ÇÏdrop ¶Ç´Â ¼Ò»êdissipationÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ȸ·Î³»ÀÇ ÀüÀÚ°¡½º À§¿¡ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ °¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Àü¾ÐÃøÁ¤±â·Î Àü¾ÐÀ» "ÃøÁ¤"ÇÑ´Ù. Áï ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àü¾ÐÃøÁ¤±â ³»ºÎ·Î µé¾î°£, ¶Ç´Â ¼öÁýµÈ [(joules/coulomb) * coulombs]ÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠµÈ´Ù. Àü¾ÐÃøÁ¤±â ³»ÀÇ ÀúÇ×À» Åë°úÇÑ À¯Çѽ𣠵¿¾ÈÀÇ È帧, Áï ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ¼öÁýµÈ ÀÛÀº ·®ÀÇ Àü·ù (coulombs/second)ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´ç½ÅÀº (joules/coulomb)*(coulombs/second)*(seconds)¸¦ ¼Ò»ê½ÃŲ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Àü¾Ð°èÀÇ ¹Ù´ÃÀ» ¿òÁ÷À̴µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¼Ò»êµÇ´Â ÀÏÁ¤·®ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÌ´Ù. Àü¾Ð°è´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼Ò»êµÈ Äð·Ò´ç ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °¡¸®Å°µµ·Ï °è»êµÇ¾îÁ®ÀÖ°í, À̰ÍÀ» ½ÇÁ¦Àü¾Ðentity voltage¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÏ·Î½á ¼Ò»êµÈ À¯ÇÑ·®ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ°í, À̰ÍÀº joules/coulombsÀÇ ´ÜÀ§·Î Ç¥ÇöµÈ ÀüÀ§ÀÇ ±¹Áö¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀüÀ§¸¦ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¾î¶² »ç½Ç ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù; ÃßÃâµÈ(¼öÁýµÈ) ÀüÀ§°æ»ç´Â °ú°Å¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇß´ø °ÍÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï ÀÏ(¼öÁýµÈ °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¼Ò»ê)À» ¸¶Ä¡±â ÀüÀÇ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼Ò»êµÇ±â ÀüÀÇ ÀüÀ§¸¦ "Àü¾Ð"À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á¤È®È÷ °ú°Å¿Í ÇÔ²² ¹Ì·¡¸¦ È¥¶õ½ÃŰ´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù. "³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ ÀüÀ§(difference)"´Â ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î "³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº ·®ÀÇ Äð·Ò´ç ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ÀüÀ§Â÷"¶ó°í Ç¥ÇöÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ºÎÇÏ ³»¿¡¼ ¼Ò»êµÇ´Â ¾çÀ̸ç, À̰ÍÀÌ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î À¯ÇÑ·®ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¼öÁýÇϸé, ÀÌ À¯ÇÑ·®ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ-¼öÁýÀº ÆÄ¿öÀÇ ÇüÅ (volts/coulomb*coulomb/sec)·Î À¯Çѽ𣠵¿¾È ¼Ò»êµÇ°í, ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÇÑÃþ´õ ³ª»Û °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ÀüÀÚ±âÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¿À·ù¸¦ ¹Ù·ÎÀâ±âÀ§ÇØ ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼ äÅÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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So we'll leave it at that, and we'll adapt the notion of potential the way it is corrupted in electrical circuit theory. There it's used not really as energy, but rather as excess energy per coulomb of potentialized charge. I apologize for that difficulty, which is not of my own making, but I must use the conventional notion if we are to greatly clarify the pseudo equations.
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±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â À̰ÍÀ» ±×´ë·Î ³õ¾ÆµÎ°í, ÀüÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³³äÀ» ÀÏ´Ü À߸øµÈ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Àü±âȸ·ÎÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¹æ½Ä´ë·Î »ý°¢Çϱâ·Î ÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¦ ¿¡³ÊÁö·Î½á°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀüÇÏÀÇ Äð·Ò´ç À׿©¿¡³ÊÁö·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ç°úµå¸°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº °¡»óÀÇ ¹æÁ¤½ÄµéÀ» ¸íÈ®È÷ Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Àç·¡ÀÇ °³³äÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
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The Equations of Free Energy
ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö ¹æÁ¤½Ä
The Pseudo-Equations: Let us use the following subscripts and letter convention, and develop the nomenclature needed:
T = trapped d = dissipated or dissipating
m = translated (moving) K = energy
V = volts = potential drop (potential dissipated) = previously collected potential radiated away as heat in a load, doing work on the load in the process. Unfortunately, we shall also have to speak of a potential gradient that is not being dissipated, so we shall have to speak of "trapped volts" which is erroneous, but complies with the common usage.
f = electrostatic scalar potential. Coul = coulombs
i = amperes = Dissipating potentialized coulombs per second flowing, so amps are something translating, always. Amps are excited coulombs, per second, that are dissipating their excitation. With superconductivity excluded, you only have amps when you have a potential drop across a load. So we will speak of amps as "dissipating," meaning that potentialized electrons are traveling through a load, dissipating their activation (gradients) in the load by radiating scattered photons (heat).
n = number of electrons in a coulomb = 6.3 x 1018 electrons/coulomb
Here are the pseudo equations (superconductivity is excluded):
ampm = could/sec = n electronsm/sec = n electronsd/sec [1]
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°¡»óÀÇ ¹æÁ¤½Äµé: ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±â¼ú°ú ±âÈ£¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿ë¾î¸¦ °³¹ßÇÑ´Ù:
T= ¼öÁýµÈ d= ¼Ò»êµÈ, ¼Ò»êµÇ´Â
m= ÀüȯµÇ´Â (À̵¿µÇ´Â) K= ¿¡³ÊÁö
V= Àü¾Ð = ÀüÀ§°ÇÏ (ÀüÀ§ ¼Ò»ê) = ¹Ì¸® ¼öÁýµÈ ÀüÀ§°¡ ºÎÇÏ ³»¿¡¼ ¿ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¹æ»çµÇ´Â °Í, ºÎÇÏ ³»¿¡¼ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â °Í. ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ, ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¼Ò»êµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ ¸»Çؾ߸¸ Çϰí, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À߸øµÈ "°¤ÇôÁø Àü¾Ð"¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ÀϹÝÀû ¿ëµµ¸¦ µû¸£±â À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù.
f = Á¤Àü½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷ÅÙ¼È. Coul = Äð·Ò
I = ¾ÏÆä¾î = ÃÊ´ç ¼Ò»êµÈ ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ Äð·ÒÀÇ È帧, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¾ÏÆä¾î´Â Ç×»ó ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÏÆä¾î´Â µé¶á »óÅ ÀÇ ÃÊ´ç Äð·ÒÀÌ´Ù. Áï µé¶á »óŸ¦ ¼Ò»ê½ÃŰ´Â. ÃÊÀüµµÇö»óÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϸé, ´ç½ÅÀº ºÎÇÏ¿¡ °¡·ÎÁú·¯Áø ÀüÀ§ÀÇ °Çϰ¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ¾ÏÆä¾î¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ÏÆä¾î¸¦ "¼Ò»ê"À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£°í, ÀÌ ¶æÀº ºÎÇϸ¦ ÅëÇØÈ帣´Â ÀüÀ§ÈµÈ ÀüÀÚ°¡ ºÎÇÏ ³»¿¡¼ ±¤¾çÀÚ¸¦ ¿ÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÈðÀ¸¹Ç·Î½á ±×µéÀÇ È°¼º(°æ»çgradients)À» ¼Ò»ê½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
n = Äð·Ò´ç ÀüÀÚÀÇ ¼ö = 6.3 * 1018 electrons/coulomb
¿©±â °¡»óÀÇ ¹æÁ¤½ÄµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù ( ÃÊÀüµµ´Â Á¦¿Ü):
ampm = could/sec = n electronsm/sec = n electronsd/sec [1]
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Df = VT (as conventionally referred to). It would be volts if all [2] of it were dissipated, but it is not yet dissipated, so it is sort of "trapped volts". Erroneous, but the common use. So we will speak (somewhat distastefully) of "trapped volts" and "dissipated volts."
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Df = VT (Àç·¡½ÄÀÇ ÂüÁ¶). À̰ÍÀº ¸¸¾à ÀÌ°Í ÀÚü¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ¼Ò»ê½ÃŲ´Ù¸é Àü¾Ð[2]À¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ¼Ò»êµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î, À̰ÍÀº "°¤ÇôÁø Àü¾Ð"ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÌ´Ù. À߸øµÈ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, Åë»óÀûÀÎ ¿ë¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î º°·Î ³»Å°Áö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ "°¤ÇôÁø Àü¾Ð" °ú " ¼Ò»êµÈ Àü¾Ð" À» »ç¿ëÇϱâ·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
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Vd x ampd x sec = watts x sec = power x time = work = Kd [3]
Vd x could/sec x sec = (work) = Kd [4]
In the switching, we switch KT to Kd so
KT Þ Kd [5]
But VT x coulT = KT [6]
Or
[VT] = [KT] / [coulT] = trapped energy/trapped coulomb [7]
[KT] = [VT] x [coulT] = amount of trapped energy, each cycle [8]
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Vd x ampd x sec = watts x sec = power x time = work = Kd [3]
Vd x could/sec x sec = (work) = Kd [4]
In the switching, we switch KT to Kd so
KT Þ Kd [5]
But VT x coulT = KT [6]
¶Ç´Â
[VT] = [KT] / [coulT] = trapped energy/trapped coulomb [7]
[KT] = [VT] x [coulT] = amount of trapped energy, each cycle [8]
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So that's what we were getting at. The amount of trapped energy you can transfer (in other words, how much coal you get in one shovelful) depends upon the number of trapped electrons you have in the trapped free electron gas in the collector, and the potential gradient you apply to those trapped coulombs to potentialize them.
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À̰ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾òÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿Å±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ·®Àº( ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇÑ »ð¿¡ ¶ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼®ÅºÀÇ ·®) ¼öÁý±â ³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¤ÇôÁø ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ°¡½º ³»ÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀÚÀÇ ¼ö¿Í, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×µéÀ» ÀüÀ§ÈÇϱâ À§ÇØ °¤ÇôÁø Äð·Ò¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÑ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù.
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Relaxation Time and Semiconductors
ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£°ú ¹ÝµµÃ¼
Relaxation Time: The time it takes for the free electrons in a conductor (or material) to reach the skin of the wire after potential is applied, is, of course, called the relaxation time. During that time, the free electrons in the gas are "trapped" insofar as producing current (dissipation of the potential) is concerned. However, immediately after the relaxation time ends, current begins and dissipation of the trapped energy begins.
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ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£: ÀüÀ§°¡ °¡ÇØÁø ÈÄ µµÃ¼ (¶Ç´Â ¹°Áú) ³»ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ µµ¼±ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ½Ã°£. ÀÌ°Í ¶ÇÇÑ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À̶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã°£µ¿¾È, °¡½º ³»ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀÚ´Â Àü·ù¸¦ »ý»ê(ÀüÀ§¸¦ ¼Ò»ê½ÃŰ´Â)Çϴµ¥ ¿¬°üµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ÇÑ "°¤ÇôÁ®"ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£ÀÌ ³¡³ªÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, Àü·ù´Â È帣±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¼Ò»êÀº ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ.
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In copper, the relaxation time is incredibly rapid. It's about 1.5 x 10-19 sec. However, in quartz it is about 10 days! So as you can see, we need to get somewhere in between these two values, and so we will have to "mix" or "dope" materials. We must get a sufficiently long relaxation time so that we can switch and collect comfortably in cycle one, then switch into cycle two for dispersion of the freely collected energy in the collector. However, the relaxation time we get must also be short enough to allow quick discharge in the load, as soon as we switch the primary source away from the collector. Actually, we need a degenerate semiconductor material instead of plain copper.
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±¸¸® ³»¿¡¼´Â, ÀÌ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£ÀÌ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ºü¸£´Ù. À̰ÍÀº 1.5 x 10-19 sec Á¤µµÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¼®¿µ ³»¿¡¼´Â, À̰ÍÀº ¾à ¿Èê Á¤µµ³ª µÈ´Ù! ±×·¯¹Ç·Î º¸´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ µÎ °³ÀÇ °ª »çÀÌ¿¡ ¾î¶² °ªÀ» °¡Áú Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¹°ÁúÀ» "È¥ÇÕ" Çϰųª "÷°¡" ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ±ä ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À» °®µµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© ù ¹øÂ° ½ÎÀÌŬ¿¡¼ Àüȯ°ú ¼öÁýÀ» ÆíÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, µÎ ¹øÂ° ½ÎÀÌŬ·Î ÀüȯÇÏ¿© ¼öÁý±â ³»¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¼öÁýµÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¼Ò»ê½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¼öÁý±âÀÇ 1Â÷ Àü¿ø¿¡¼ ÀüȯÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ Áï½Ã ºÎÇÏ·ÎÀÇ ¹æÀüÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÒ ¸¸Å ÃæºÐÈ÷ ªÀº ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£µµ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦, ¿ì¸®´Â ¼ø¼öÇÑ ±¸¸®º¸´Ù ¹ÝµµÃ¼¹°ÁúÀ» degenerateÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
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Degenerate Semiconductor Material: A semiconductor material is intermediate between a good conductor and an insulator. It's a nonlinear material, and doped. A degenerate semiconductor material is one which has all its conduction bands filled with electrons, and so it thinks it is a conductor. That is, a degenerate semiconductor is essentially a doped conductor, so to speak. As you can see, we can increase the relaxation time in our "conductors" connected to the source by making them of degenerate semiconductor material. What we're talking about is "doping" the copper in the wire, and in the collector, so that we can have plenty of time to collect, and switch, and discharge, and switch, and collect, etc.
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¹ÝµµÃ¼¹°ÁúÀÇ º¯Çü: ¹ÝµµÃ¼¹°ÁúÀº ÁÁÀº µµÃ¼¿Í Àý¿¬Ã¼ÀÇ Áß°£´Ü°è Á¤µµÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ºñ¼±ÇüÀ̰í, ºÒ¼ø¹°ÀÌ Ã·°¡(doped) µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ¹°ÁúÀº ¸ðµç µµÃ¼¹êµå°¡ ÀüÀÚ·Î °¡µæ Â÷ÀÖ°í, ±×·¡¼ À̰ÍÀº µµÃ¼¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº, º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼´Â ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î dopeµÈ µµÃ¼À̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. º¸´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ¿ì¸®´Â Àü¿ø¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ "µµÃ¼" ³»ºÎÀÇ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À» ±× µµÃ¼¸¦ º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¹Ç·Î ÇØ¼ Áõ°¡½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.¿ì¸®°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº µµ¼± ³»ÀÇ ±¸¸®¿Í, ¼öÁý±â¸¦ "doping" ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼öÁýÀ» Çϰí, ÀüȯÇÏ¿© ¹æÀüÀ» ½Ã۰í, ´Ù½Ã ÀüȯÀ» ÇÏ¿© ¼öÁýÀ» Çϴµ¥¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ½Ã°£À» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Now in a doped conductor (degenerate semiconductor), we can tailor the relaxation time by tailoring the doping. We must dope the copper before we make the wire. Why would we wish to do that? We want to overcome the single problem that so far has defeated almost all the "overunity" researchers and inventors.
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ÀÌÁ¦ dopingµÈ µµÃ¼ ( º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼) ³»¿¡¼, ¿ì¸®´Â dopingÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À» ¸ÂÃâ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â µµ¼±À» ¸¸µé±â Àü¿¡ ±¸¸®¸¦ doping ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö ¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¸°Ô Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇϴ°¡? ¿ì¸®´Â "overunity"¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ޱ¸ÀÚµé°ú ¹ß¸í°¡µéÀ» ÁÂÀý½ÃÄѿԴø ÇѰ¡Áö ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
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WHEN YOU CONNECT TO A SOURCE, YOU CAN ONLY EXTRACT CURRENT-FREE POTENTIAL -- FREE "TRAPPED EM ENERGY" -- DURING THE ELECTRON RELAXATION TIME IN THE CONNECTING CONDUCTORS AND SUCCEEDING CIRCUIT COMPONENTS. AFTER THAT, YOU'RE STEADILY EXTRACTING POWER, AND THE ENERGY EXTRACTED FROM THE SOURCE IS BEING PARTIALLY DISSIPATED IN THE RESISTANCE/LOADING OF THE CIRCUIT, AND PARTIALLY DISSIPATED IN THE INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF THE SOURCE. IN THE LATTER DISSIPATION, YOU'RE ALSO DISSIPATING YOUR SOURCE BY DOING WORK ON IT INTERNALLY TO KILL IT.
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´ç½ÅÀÌ Àü¿øÀ» ¿¬°á½Ãų ¶§, ´ç½ÅÀº ¿¬°áµÈ µµÃ¼ ³»ºÎ¿Í Ãß°¡ÀûÀΠȸ·Î¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£ µ¿¾È¿¡ ´ÜÁö Àü·ù-ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀ§--ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ "°¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö"--¸¸À» ÃßÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡, ´ç½ÅÀº ²ÙÁØÈ÷ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ÃßÃâÇϰí, Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃßÃâµÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÀúÇ×°ú ȸ·ÎÀÇ ºÎÇÏ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ¼Ò»êµÇ¸ç, ±×¸®°í ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î Àü¿ø ³»ºÎÀÇ ÀÚüÀúÇ׿¡¼ ¼Ò»êµÈ´Ù. ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì, ´ç½ÅÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àü¿ø ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ½º½º·Î¸¦ Á×ÀÌ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼Ò»ê½ÃŲ´Ù.
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Good Copper Wire: Bane of Overunity Inventors: Many destitute inventors, tinkering and fiddling with overunity devices, finally get something (a circuit or device) that does yield more work out than they had to input. At that point, they usually conclude that it's simply the specific circuit configuration and its conventional functioning that produces the overunity work. However, usually as soon as this configuration is more carefully built with very good materials, boom! It isn't overunity anymore. The inventors and their assistants then desperately bang and clang away, getting more frustrated as the years pass. The investors get mad, sue for fraud, or get in all sorts of squabbles. The scientists who tested it and found it wanting, pooh-pooh the whole thing as a scam and a fraud, or just a seriously mistaken inventor. Scratch one more "overunity" device.
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ÁÁÀº ±¸¸® µµ¼±: ÅëÀÏÀå ¹ß¸í°¡µéÀÇ ÇØ¾Ç: ¸¹Àº ºÎ½ÇÇÑ ¹ß¸í°¡µéÀº, ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Â ¼Å÷ Á¶ÀÛÀ» ÅëÀÏÀå ÀåÄ¡¿¡ °¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, °á±¹ ÀÔ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹«¾ù ( ȸ·Î ¶Ç´Â ÀåÄ¡)¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ±× Á¡¿¡¼, ±×µéÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î À̰ÍÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ È¸·Î±¸¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í À̰ÍÀÇ Àç·¡Àû ±â´ÉÀÌ ÅëÀÏÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀ» »ý»êÇÑ´Ù°í °á·Ð ³»¸°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, º¸Åë ÀÌ ±¸¼ºÀÌ Á»´õ Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁÀº Àç·áµé·Î Á¦À۵ǾîÁöÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ¾Æ»Ô»ç! À̰ÍÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÅëÀÏÀåÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¹ß¸í°¡µé°ú ±×µéÀÇ Á¶¾÷ÀÚµéÀº ±×·¡¼ ´õ¿í ÇÊ»çÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é¼ ´õ¿í ´õ ÁÂÀý°ú ½Ç¸ÁÀ» ÇϰԵȴÙ. ÀÌ ¹ß¸í°¡µéÀº ¹ÌÃÄ ¹ö·Á »ç±â¼Ò¼Û¿¡ ÈÖ¸»¸®°Å³ª, ¿Â°® ³íÀï¿¡ °áºÎµÈ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ½ÇÇèÇÏ°í ¹ß°ßÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº, ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» »ç±â·Î »ý°¢Çϰųª, ¶Ç´Â ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ½Ç¼öÇÑ ¹ß¸í°¡ÀÌ±æ ¿øÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ "ÅëÀÏÀå" ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °³¹ßÇÑ´Ù.
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Most of these inventors got their successful effect (and possibly erratically) when they were struggling with inferior, usually old, usually corroded materials. Actually, the more inferior, the better. The more contaminated/doped, the better!
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ÀÌµé ¹ß¸í°¡µé ´ëºÎºÐÀº ǰÁúÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö´Â, º¸Åë ³°°í, ºÎ½ÄµÈ Àç·á¸¦ »ç¿ëÇßÀ» ¶§ ¼º°øÀûÀÎ È¿°ú ( ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ ÇÑ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸)¸¦ º¸´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î, ǰÁúÀÌ ¶³¾îÁú¼ö·Ï, ´õ ÁÁ´Ù. ´õ ¿À¿°µÇ°Å³ª/ºÒ¼ø¹°ÀÌ µé¾î°¬À» ¶§, ´õ ÁÁÀº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù!
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The moment you wire up your circuit with good copper wire connected between the battery or primary source and any kind of load including the distributed circuitry loading itself, you can forget about overunity. You will lose it in the copper, after the first 1.5 x 10-19 second!
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´ç½ÅÀÌ ÁÁÀº ±¸¸®µµ¼±À» ¹èÅ͸® ¶Ç´Â 1Â÷Àü¿ø°ú ÀÚü ºÎÇϸ¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ºÎÇÏ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿¬°á½ÃŲ´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ÅëÀÏÀå¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀØ¾î ¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ±¸¸® ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ 1.5 x 10-19 ÃÊ ÈÄ¿¡ ÀÒ¾î ¹ö¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù!
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Think of a really good conductor such as copper as an essentially linear material. Linear means energy conservative. Overunity can only be done with a highly nonlinear effect. So your "conductors" have to be made of nonlinear materials. In fact, they have to be made of degenerate semiconductor material. For the type of circuitry we are talking about, the copper has to be doped and then made into "doped copper" wiring. You also have to utilize the primary battery only to potentialize a collector (secondary battery/source), and then use this secondary battery source to conventionally power the load while also killing itself.
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±¸¸®¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î ÁÁÀº µµÃ¼¸¦ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ¼±Çü Àç·á·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ. ¼±ÇüLinear À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö º¸Á¸À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÅëÀÏÀåÀº ³ôÀº ºñ¼±Çü È¿°ú¿¡¼¸¸ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´ç½ÅÀÇ "µµÃ¼"´Â ºñ¼±Çü ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. »ç½Ç, ±×µéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ¹°Áú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ³íÀÇÇϴ ȸ·Î ŸÀÔÀ» À§Çؼ´Â, ±¸¸®´Â dopingµÇ¾î¾ß Çϰí "doped copper" ¹è¼±À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¶ÇÇÑ 1Â÷ ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ ¼öÁý±â(2Â÷ ¹èÅ͸®/Àü¿ø)¸¦ ÀüÀ§ÈÇϴµ¥¸¸ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í 2Â÷ ¹èÅ͸®Àü¿øÀ» Àç·¡½ÄÀ¸·Î ºÎÇϸ¦ ÀÛµ¿½Ã۴µ¥-½º½º·Î¸¦ Á×ÀÌ´Â °úÁ¤-»ç¿ëÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
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The Wiring And the Collector Must Be of Degenerate Semiconductor (DSC) Material.26 A good materials scientist/engineer, together with a decent electrodynamicist, can readily design and tailor some doped copper wiring so that the material in the wiring is a degenerate semiconductor material, with a target (desired) relaxation time. That's what you should use to make the wiring to connect up your source to the collector with, and that type of material is also what you use in your collector. You can use either a coil or a capacitor as the collector, but its "conductive" material has to be degenerate semiconductor material -- in short, it must be doped to have the proper relaxation time. From the collector to the load, however, obviously you want to use a good conductor material. Ordinary copper will do nicely there.
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¹è¼±°ú ¼öÁý±â´Â ²À º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ¹°ÁúDegenerate Semiconductor(DSC)·Î ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÁÁÀº Àç·á¿Í °úÇÐÀÚ/°øÇÐÀÚ°¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ Àü±â¿ªÇÐÀÚ¿Í °°ÀÌ Çϸé, ½±°Ô ¸ñÀûÇÑ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À» °®´Â º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ¹°ÁúÀ» ¼³°èÇϰí Á¦ÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÌ Àü¿ø°ú ¼öÁý±â¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÒ µµ¼±À» ¸¸µé±âÀ§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̰í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Å¸ÀÔÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¼öÁý±â ³»¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ÄÚÀÏÀ̳ª Ä¿ÆÐ½ÃÅÍ Áß ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ¶óµµ ¼öÁý±â·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, À̰ÍÀÇ "Àüµµ¼º" ¹°ÁúÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ¹°ÁúÀ̾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù -- °£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»ÇØ, À̰ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÑ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À» °®±âÀ§ÇØ ¹Ýµå½Ã dopingµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼öÁý±â¿¡¼ ºÎÇÏÂÊÀ¸·Î, ±×·¯³ª, ¸íÈ®È÷ ´ç½ÅÀº ÁÁÀº ÀüµµÀç·á¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸Åë ±¸¸®°¡ ±×°÷¿¡¼ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
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Once you do that, you're in business. When making the DSC material, simply tailor the relaxation time to something which is easily switched. For example, take one millisec. With a relaxation time of that long, switching is easy. In fact, one could even use good mechanical switching. Or easily use inexpensive ordinary solid state switching, without having to go all the way to nanosecond switching.
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ÀÏ´Ü ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çϸé, ´ç½ÅÀº »ç¾÷À» ÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ÝµµÃ¼ ¹°ÁúDSCÀ» ¸¸µé ¶§¿¡´Â, ½±°Ô ÀüȯÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À» ¸ÂÃ߾ ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, 1 millisec¸¦ ÃëÇØ¶ó. ÀÌ ±æÀÌÀÇ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À̸é, ÀüȯÀÌ ½±´Ù. »ç½Ç, ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±â°èÀû Àüȯ¹ýµµ ¶ÇÇÑ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç´Â nanosecond switchingÀ» °¡Áú ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀÌ ºñ½ÎÁö ¾ÊÀº º¸ÅëÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó ½ºÀ§Ä¡µµ ½±°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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Then, in the collector, you calculate the number of "trapped coulombs" you have. Take the "trapped voltage" (current-free potential's energy density per coulomb) you extract from the source during the electron relaxation time after the collector is connected. Multiply the number of trapped coulombs in the collector by the trapped voltage during collection, and you have the amount of energy in joules that you extract FOR FREE, without paying for it, from the source during every collection cycle.
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±×¸®°í, ¼öÁý±â ³»ºÎ¿¡¼, ´ç½ÅÀº "°¤ÇôÁø Äð·Ò"ÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ °è»êÇ϶ó. ¼öÁý±â°¡ ¿¬°áµÈ ÈÄ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ´ç½ÅÀÌ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃßÃâÇÑ "°¤ÇôÁø Àü¾Ð"(Àü·ù-´ÜÀ§ Äð·Ò´ç ÀÚÀ¯ÀüÀ§¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ)À» ÃëÇ϶ó. ¼öÁý±â ³»ÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø Äð·ÒÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ¼öÁý±â°£ µ¿¾È °¤ÇôÁø Àü¾ÐÀ¸·Î °öÇ϶ó. ´ç½ÅÀº ¸ðµç ¼öÁý ½ÎÀÌŬ µ¿¾È¿¡ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ joules ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¹«·á·Î, ´ë°¡¸¦ ÁöºÒÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ÃßÃâÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Sources, Collectors, and Power
Àü¿ø, ¼öÁý±â, ±×¸®°í ÆÄ¿ö
Tapping Vacuum Energy. You're getting the excess electrical energy directly from the vacuum, as we briefly pointed out above. The vacuum will freely replenish all the "trapped voltage" you extract from the primary source during the electron relaxation time. It won't replenish a single bit of "dissipated voltage" (power) you extract from the source.
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°ø°£¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ µû¶ó ³»¾î¶ó. ´ç½ÅÀº ¾Õ¿¡¼ °£´ÜÈ÷ ¼³¸íÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ À׿©ÀÇ Àü±â¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °ø°£¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢ ÃßÃâÇØ ³½´Ù. °ø°£Àº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£ µ¿¾È 1Â÷ Àü¿ø¿¡¼ ÃßÃâÇÑ ¸ðµç "°¤ÇôÀü Àü¾Ð"¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô Àç ÃæÀüÀ» ½ÃÄÑÁØ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀº ´ÜÀÏ ¿ë·®ÀÇ "¼Ò»êµÈ Àü¾Ð"(ÆÄ¿ö) ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â Àç ÃæÀüÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
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Note that the same considerations apply in the collector. It's got to have a somewhat longer electron relaxation time. Its electrons stay "unrelaxed" during the collection cycle, and allow for some additional switching time to connect to the load. The "trapped voltage" across the collector multiplied by the number of trapped coulombs in it, gives the number of joules of FREE EM ENERGY you extract and get into and onto the collector (the shovel). In other words, that's your "shovelful of coal." You then throw the "shovelful" onto the fire/load -- you simply disconnect the collector from the primary source and connect it across the external load. The collector (secondary battery) now powers the load and its own internal resistance, "killing" itself while furnishing the energy for powering the external load as well.
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¼öÁý±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ ¶È°°Àº °³³äÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¾à°£ÀÇ ´õ ±ä ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÇØÁ¦½Ã°£À» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÇ ÀüÀÚ´Â ¼öÁý ½ÎÀÌŬ µ¿¾È "ÇØÁ¦µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅÂ"·Î ÀÖ¾î, ºÎÇÏ·ÎÀÇ ¿¬°á °úÁ¤¿¡¼ Á»´õ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Àüȯ½Ã°£À» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¼öÁý±â¿¡ °¡·Î³õ¿©Áø "°¤ÇôÁø Àü¾Ð"Àº ±× ³»ºÎ¿¡ °¤ÇôÁø Äð·ÒÀÇ ¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹èÁõÀÌ µÇ¾î, ¸î ÁÖ¿ïÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ÀüÀڱ⠿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÃßÃâÇÏ¿© ¼öÁý±âÀÇ ³»¿ÜºÎ¿¡ ´øÁ®³Ö´Â´Ù ( ¼®Åº »ð ). ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î, ±×°ÍÀº "ÇÑ »ð °¡µæÈ÷ ¶á ¼®Åº"ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ÇÑ »ðÀÇ ¼®ÅºÀ» ´ç½ÅÀº ºÒ ¼Ó/ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ´øÁ®³Ö´Â´Ù. -- ´ç½ÅÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¼öÁý±â¸¦ 1Â÷ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿© ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¿¬°á½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼öÁý±â ( 2Â÷ ¹èÅ͸® ) ´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ºÎÇÏ¿Í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚü ³»ºÎ ÀúÇ׿¡ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇϰí, ¿ÜºÎ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ½º½º·Î¸¦ "Á×ÀÌ´Â"°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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The Source Can Be Almost Anything: You can use as a source a simple elevated wire, to "tap" potential from the 200-300 volts/meter between earth and ionosphere. Here again, you need to utilize calibrated, doped wire.
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Àü¿øÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ̵ç À̿밡´ÉÇÏ´Ù: ´ç½ÅÀº Áö»ó°ú Àü¸®Ãþ »çÀÌÀÇ 200-300 volts/meter ÀÇ ÀüÀ§¸¦ "µû³»±â"À§ÇØ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ½Â¾ÐµÈ µµ¼±elevated wire¸¦ Àü¿øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ´Ù½Ã, ´ç½ÅÀº ¹Ì¸® °è»êµÈ doped wire¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù.
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Finally, you must adjust the repetition switching in accordance with the discharge time through the load. In other words, you have a serial process as follows:
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¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, ´ç½ÅÀº ºÎÇϸ¦ ÅëÇØ È帣´Â ¹æÀü½Ã°£¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î ½ºÀ§ÄªÀÇ ¹Ýº¹À» Á¶Á¤Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ´ç½ÅÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿¬¼ÓµÈ °úÁ¤À» °¡Áø´Ù.
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(1) extract trapped energy (potential) from the source onto the collector, Dt1.
(2) Switch the collector off the source, onto the load, during time Dt2.
(3) Wait while the collected energy in the collector discharges through the load, during time Dt3.
(4) Switch the collector back off the load and onto the potential source, during time Dt4. That completes one cycle.
The serial timing simply is [Dt1 + Dt2 + Dt3 + Dt4].
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(1) °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö (ÀüÀ§)¸¦ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃßÃâÇÏ¿© ¼öÁý±â·Î º¸³½´Ù, Dt1.
(2) ¼öÁý±âÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ» Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿© ºÎÇÏÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù, Dt2ÀÇ ½Ã°£µ¿¾È.
(3) ¼öÁý±â ³»ÀÇ ¸ð¾ÆÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ºÎÇϸ¦ ÅëÇØ ¹æÀüµÇ´Â µ¿¾È ±â´Ù¸°´Ù, Dt3ÀÇ ½Ã°£µ¿¾È.
(4) ¼öÁý±â¸¦ ºÎÇϷκÎÅÍ ´Ù½Ã ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿© ÀüÀ§¼Ò½º¿¡ ¿¬°á½ÃŲ´Ù, Dt4ÀÇ ½Ã°£µ¿¾È. À̰ÍÀ¸·Î ÇϳªÀÇ ½ÎÀÌŬÀÌ ³¡³´Ù.
¿¬¼ÓµÈ ŸÀ̹ÖÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ [Dt1 + Dt2 + Dt3 + Dt4] ÀÌ´Ù.
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If you balance all the doping and the materials design, and correlate the switching, you can get all the free energy you wish. Properly utilized, a single car battery can be used to power an electric automobile indefinitely. Or even to power a battleship. In the real world, of course, you will inevitably have a tiny bit of loss as you go, because there's a finite (though high) resistance between the two poles of your battery. Handling that is a piece of cake. Simply run a separate little collection circuit to collect a little bit of trapped EM energy from the slowly leaking source, and ever so often feed the collected energy back into the battery as power, to "reseparate" the charges (charge the battery) and replace the small amount of the primary source's potential gradient that has been lost. The battery, load, and "trickle charger" then become a closed-circuit free-energy source that will last for years and years.
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¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¸ðµç doping°ú Àç·á¸¦ ¾Ë¸Â°Ô µðÀÚÀÎÇϰí, ½ºÀ§ÄªÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Á¦´ë·Î¸¸ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù¸é, ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¹èÅ͸®°¡ Àü±âÀÚµ¿Â÷¿¡ ¹«ÇÑ ´ëÀÇ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ÀüÇÔ¿¡ Á¶Â÷µµ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ¹°·Ð, ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ°Ô ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÛÀº ·®ÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¹èÅ͸®ÀÇ ¾ç Àü±Ø »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â À¯ÇÑÀÇ(¾à°£ ³ôÁö¸¸) ÀúÇ×¼ººÐ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ½±´Ù. °£´ÜÈ÷ º°µµÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¼öÁýȸ·Î¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ¿© Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´©¼öµÇ´Â ÀÛÀº·®ÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¸ð¾Æ, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸ð¾ÆÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¹èÅ͸®·Î ´Ù½Ã µ¹·Áº¸³» ÀüÇϸ¦ "ÀçºÐ¸®" ( ¹èÅ͸®ÀÇ ÃæÀü ) ½Ã۵µ·Ï ÇÏ¿© 1Â÷Àü¿øÀÌ ÀÒ¾î ¹ö¸° ÀÛÀº·®ÀÇ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ ´ëüÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¹èÅ͸®, ºÎÇÏ, "¹Ì¼¼ ÃæÀü±â" ÀÌ ¼¼°¡Áö´Â ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ Æóȸ·Î¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ¿© ¸î ³â µ¿¾ÈÀÌ°í »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Limited Only By One's Imagination: Of course you can see many variants; this is just the "master key." You can have multiple collectors, collecting trapped energy simultaneously or in sequence off a single source, and pooling their collected energy to more powerfully power the load. You can utilize a very high "voltage", such as in the Swiss electrostatic overunity device, to increase the energy collected per coulomb in each switching (in each shovelful) in accord with equation [8]. For a battery, you can set a separate little collector/load device to trickle-charge the battery, overcoming the small normal "leakage current" that does occur in batteries and in real circuits and devices. The opportunities are endless. You can put in a unit to take mostly only power-free energy from the "power line" feeding your business or home, reducing your utility bill by -- say -- 90%. Or you can simply build a small home power unit to do the whole job, for only a few hundred dollars. This simple secret can be used to power the world, cheaply and cleanly, and to clean up the biosphere.
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°¢ÀÚÀÇ »ó»ó·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼¸¸ Á¦ÇѵȴÙ: ¹°·Ð ´ç½ÅÀº ¸¹Àº º¯ÇüµÈ ÇüŸ¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù; À̰ÍÀº ´ÜÁö "¸¶½ºÅÍ Å°" ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ¼öÁý±â¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼öÁýÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ¶Ç´Â ´ÜÀÏÀÇ Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÁýµÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Çѱºµ¥ ¸ð¾Æ ´õ °·ÂÇÏ°Ô ºÎÇϸ¦ µ¿ÀÛ½Ãų ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ½ºÀ§Ä¡´ç(ÇÑ »ð´ç) ¸ð¾ÆÁö´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö/Äð·ÒÀ» Áõ°¡½Ã۱âÀ§ÇØ ½ºÀ§½º Á¤Àü ÅëÀÏÀå ÀåÄ¡(À«¼Å½ºÆ®, MLº¯È¯±â)°°Àº °ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© "°íÀü¾Ð"À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¹æÁ¤½Ä [8]¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¹èÅ͸®ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ´ç½ÅÀº º°µµÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¼öÁý±â¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿© ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ ÀçÃæÀü ½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ¹èÅ͸®°¡ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Áö´Â ÀÛÀº·®ÀÇ "Àü±â´©¼ö"¸¦ ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °¡´É¼ºÀº ¹«ÇÑÇÏ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº Á÷Àå°ú °¡Á¤¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÆÄ¿ö¶óÀÎ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» À̰ÍÀ¸·Î ´ëü½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á Àü±â»ç¿ë¿ä±ÝÀ» 90% ÀÌ»óµµ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ºÒ°ú ¸î¹é ´Þ·¯ÀÇ µ·À¸·Î ÀÛÀº °¡Á¤¿ë ¹ßÀü±â¸¦ µû·Î ¸¸µé¾î °¡Á¤ÀÇ ¸ðµç Àü±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °£´ÜÇÑ ºñ¹ÐÀº ½Î°í ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô ¼¼»ó¿¡ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °ø±ÞÇϰí, »ýŰ踦 Á¤È½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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Conclusion
°á·Ð
Well, there you have it. I've given you the benefit of what required most of my adult life to discover. The definitions advanced in this paper are rigorous. It took years of sweat and tears to come up with them. They're simple, but they will change your entire understanding of electromagnetics, power, and energy once you grasp them. Please read them, and ponder them, several times. One or two readings will not be sufficient to fully grasp what is said here.
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ÀÌÁ¦, ´ç½ÅÀº À̰ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â ³»°¡ ¾î¸¥ÀÌ µÈ ÀÌÈÄ·Î °¡Àå ¹ß°ßÇϰíÀÚ Çß´ø ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. À§¿¡ ¿°ÅÇÑ °³³äµéÀº Á¤¹ÐÇÏ´Ù. À̵éÀº ¼¼»ó¿¡ ³ª¿À±â±îÁö ¶¡°ú ´«¹°ÀÇ ¼¼¿ùÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çß´Ù. À̰ÍÀº °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÏ´Ü Çѹø¸¸ ÀÌÇØµÇ¾îÁö¸é, À̰ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀüÀÚ±âÇаú, ÆÄ¿ö¿Í, ¿¡³ÊÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ °³³äÀ» ¹Ù²Ü °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ¸î ¹øÀ̰í Àаí, ½É»ç¼÷°íÇØº¸¶ó. ÇÑ ¹ø ¶Ç´Â µÎ ¹ø Àо ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÌÇØ¸¦ Çϱ⿡ ºÒÃæºÐÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Also, hopefully, by this time, the reader is beginning to experience the same emotions as I experienced when I finally discovered how simple it all really was. First one wants to laugh for about two hours at how truly ignorant we've all been. Then one wants to cry for about two hours for the same reason. This could all have been done a century ago, if we had ever really understood electromagnetics.
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¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ù¶ó°Çµ¥, Áö±Ý ÀÌ ¼ø°£ºÎÅÍ, µ¶ÀÚµéÀº ³»°¡ ¸¶Ä§³» ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ´Ü¼øÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Â°¡¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇßÀ» ¶§ ´À²¼´ø °Í°ú ¶È°°Àº °¨Á¤À» °æÇèÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ù°·Î, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª öÀúÇÑ ¹«Áö ¼Ó¿¡¼ »ì¾Æ¿Ô´Â°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇãÅ»°¨À¸·Î µÎ ½Ã°£ Á¤µµ¸¦ ¿ô¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¶È°°Àº ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¿ì¸®´Â µÎ ½Ã°£ Á¤µµ¸¦ ¿ï¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀüÀڱ⿡ ´ëÇØ Á¦´ë·Î¸¸ ÀÌÇØÇß¾ú´Ù¸é ÇÑ ¼¼±â Àü¿¡¶óµµ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
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We've had this electromagnetics around for over 100 years -- Maxwell's book was published in 1873. We got it wrong, starting right with Maxwell and his use of the material ether, which was almost universally assumed at the time. Still, by using quaternions, Maxwell succeeded in packing a great deal more in the model than even he himself recognized. When the vector aspects interacted to form a zero resultant translationally, those active interactants were still in there and still fighting and interacting. The scalar component of the quaternion remained, and infolded those struggling vectors and functions of them inside itself. In short, it captured the case where the electromagnetic energies are involved in translation actions which nullify each other translationally (electromagnetically). However, the energies are still in there in the continuing interactants inside the zero vector resultant. As such, they are trapped EM energy. And it is the trapped EM energy inside a mass -- not the mass per se -- which is responsible for gravitation. In other words, Maxwell's theory already correctly captured the unification of the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field in 1873.
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¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ ÀüÀÚ±â ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ÀϹ鿩³âÀÌ ³Ñ°Ô °£Á÷ÇØ¿Ô´Ù -- ¸Æ½ºÀ£ÀÇ Ã¥Àº 1873³â¿¡ °£ÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× ´ç½Ã °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö´ø ¸Æ½ºÀ£·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ¹°Áú¿¡Å׸£¿Í ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ëÀº ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô À߸ø ÀνĵǾîÁ³´Ù. Áö±Ýµµ, 4¿ø¼öquaternions¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, ¸Æ½ºÀ£Àº ±×°¡ ¹ß°ßÇß´ø °Í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸¹Àº ¸ðµ¨À» Á¤¸³Çϴµ¥ ¼º°øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. º¤ÅͼºÇâÀÌ Á¦·Î °á°ú°ªÀ» Çü¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é, À̵é activeÇÑ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëüµéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±×°÷¿¡ ¸Ó¹° °Ô µÇ°í, ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¼·Î ½Î¿ì¸ç »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. 4¿ø¼öÀÇ ½ºÄ®¶ó ¿ä¼ÒµéÀº ±×´ë·Î À¯ÁöµÇ¸ç, ÀÌµé ºÐÅõÇÏ´Â º¤Å͵éÀ» °¨½Î°í, ±× ÀÚü ³»¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» À¯µµÇÑ´Ù. °£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»ÇØ, À̰ÍÀº À̵¿ÇÏ¸é¼ ¼·Î »ó¼âµÇ´Â ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¿îµ¿À» Æ÷È¹ÇØ³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±× ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â Á¦·Îº¤ÅͰá°ú¸¦ °®´Â ±× ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ °è¼ÓÀûÀÎ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëü·Î¼ °è¼Ó ±×´ë·Î ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù. À̿Ͱ°ÀÌ, À̰ÍÀº °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÀڱ⠿¡³ÊÁöÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀº Áß·ÂÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â ¹°Áú ³»ºÎÀÇ ÀüÀڱ⿡³ÊÁö -- ÃÊ´ç ¹°ÁúÀÇ È帧ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù -- ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î, ¸Æ½ºÀ£ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀº ÀÌ¹Ì 1873³â¿¡ Áß·ÂÀå°ú ÀüÀÚ±âÀåÀÇ ÅëÀÏÀåÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ÆÄ¾ÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Then Heaviside et al forced Maxwell's theory into a vector framework, throwing out the scalar component, and discarding the unification of gravitation and electromagnetics along with it. Serious errors were made and still exist in many of the fundamental definitions; in fact, many of them aren't definitions at all. Nearly every engineer and physicist can readily calculate potentials -- all, of course, on the "dissipation" side where the potentials are actually the amount of potential that was collected upon a collector and then dissipated. I could find hardly a single physicist who really knew what a scalar potential was prior to a finite amount being collected and dissipated as voltage. Yet 99% of them firmly believed they understood the potential.
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±×·±µ¥ È÷ºñ½Ãµå´Â ¸Æ½ºÀ£ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» º¤Å͸¦ ±Ù°£À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿ì°Ü³Ö¾î, ½ºÄ®¶ó ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Á¦¿Ü½ÃÄÑ ¹ö·È°í, ±×¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ Á߷°ú ÀüÀÚ±â·ÂÀÇ ÅëÀÏÀåÀ» Æó±â½ÃÄÑ ¹ö·È´Ù. ¾öû³ ½Ç¼ö°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ® ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ¸¹Àº ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Á¤ÀÇ·Î Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù; »ç½Ç, ±×µéÁß ´ëºÎºÐÀº ÀüÇô Á¤ÀǷμÀÇ °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾ø´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç °øÇÐÀÚµé°ú ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ½±°Ô ÀüÀ§potential¸¦ °è»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù -- ¹°·Ð, ¼öÁý±â »ó¿¡ ¸ð¾ÆÁ®¼ ¼Ò»êµÇ´Â "¼Ò»ê" ÂÊ¿¡¼´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÏÁ¤·®ÀÇ ÀüÀ§¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. Àü¾ÐÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î À¯ÇÑ·®ÀÌ ¸ð¾ÆÁ®¼ ¼Ò»êµÇ±â ÀüÀÇ ½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷Å׼ȿ¡ ´ëÇØ¼ Á¤¸»·Î ¾Æ´Â ÇÐÀÚ´Â ÇÑ»ç¶÷µµ ã±â°¡ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¾ÆÁö°í ±×µéÁß 99%´Â ±×µéÀÌ Æ÷ÅÙ¼ÈÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ±»°Ô ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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So now you have the results of this researcher's long and arduous quest for the golden fleece. Please go forward with it, to make this a better and cleaner world for everyone.
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±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌÁ¦ ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÚÀÇ È²±Ý ¾çÅп¡ ´ëÇÑ ±æ°í ²öÁú±ä ޱ¸ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í ¸ÅÁøÇØ´Þ¶ó. ¸ðµÎ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ´õ ÁÁ°í ±ú²ýÇÑ ¼¼»óÀ» ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ.
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Just remember that the control and use of energy is personal power. The control and use of absolute energy is the control and use of absolute personal power. In the old adage, power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
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¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ Á¶Á¾°ú »ç¿ëÀº ´ÜÁö °³ÀÎÀÇ ÆÄ¿öÀÓÀ» ±â¾ïÇ϶ó. Àý´ë¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ Á¶Á¾°ú »ç¿ëÀº Àý´ë°³ÀÎÀÇ Á¶Á¾°ú »ç¿ëÀÌ´Ù. ¿À·¡µÈ ¼Ó´ã¿¡, ±Ç·ÂÀº ºÎÆÐÇϰí Àý´ë±Ç·ÂÀº Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÆÐÇÑ´Ù.
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Please use it wisely.
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ºÎµð À̰ÍÀ» ÁöÇý·Ó°Ô »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.
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NOTES AND REFERENCES
1. For a good discussion of the modern quantum mechanical view of the vacuum, see I. J. R. Aitchison, "Nothing's plenty: the vacuum in modern field theory," Contemporary Physics, 26(4), 1985, p. 333-391. See also T. D. Lee, Particle Physics and Introduction to Field Theory, Harwood Academic Publishers, New York, 1981 -- particularly Chapter 16, "Vacuum as the source of asymmetry." See Timothy Boyer, "The classical vacuum," Scientific American, Aug. 1985, p. 70; Walter Greiner and Joseph Hamilton, "Is the Vacuum really Empty?", American Scientist, Mar.-Apr. 1980, p. 154; Jack S. Greenberg and Walter Greiner, "Search for the sparking of the vacuum," Physics Today, Aug. 1982, p. 24-32; Richard E. Prange and Peter Strance, "The superconducting vacuum," American Journal of Physics, 52(1), Jan. 1984, p. 19-21; R. Jackiw and J.R. Schrieffer, "The decay of the vacuum," Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 190, 1981, p. 944. See Paul Davies, Superforce, Simon and Schuster, 1984 for a layman's overview of modern
physics, including the modern view of the vacuum.
2. E. T. Whittaker, "On the partial differential equations of mathematical physics," Mathematische Annalen, Vol. 57, 1903, p. 333-355. Since the scalar potential actually consists totally of a set of hidden bidirectional EM waves, then scalar interferometry is possible, and not just an oxymoron as it would seem without considering the inner wave structure of the scalar potential. Two scalar potentials (each of which is a multi-biwave set) can interfere; it is just a special kind of multiple wave interferometry between their internal wave compositions. This is a major point of profound impact on physics. Whittaker in fact showed that all classical EM could be replaced by such scalar EM potential interferometry. See E. T. Whittaker, "On an expression of the electromagnetic field due to electrons by means of two scalar potential functions," Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Series 2, Vol. 1, 1904, p. 367-372. Further, scalar interferometry has been proven; today it is called the Aharonov-Bohm Effect. See Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, "Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory," Physical Review, Second Series, 115(3), Aug. 1, 1959, p. 458-491. For confirmation and discussion, see Bertram Schwarzschild, "Currents in normal-metal rings exhibit Aharonov-Bohm Effect," Physics Today, 39(1), Jan. 1986, p. 17-20. For an extensive discussion of the Aharonov-bohm effect and an extensive list of references, see S. Olariu and I. Iovitzu Popescu, "The quantum effects of electromagnetic fluxes," Reviews of Modern Physics, 57(2), April 1985. Modern scientists have generally been unaware of the inner wave structure of the interfering potentials and have utilized only quantum mechanical theory for the interference. Consequently, they have been able to experimentally establish the AB effect for only a few thousand Angstroms distance. With the Whittaker formulation, the AB effect becomes distant-independent, because the necessary potentials can be fabricated as laser-like beams, simply by assembling the proper Whittaker multibeam set. Also, Ignatovich pointed out that the Schroedinger potential can also be decomposed into just such an internal bidirectional EM wave set. See V.K. Ignatovich, "The remarkable capabilities of recursive relations," American Journal of Physics, 57(10), Oct. 1989, p. 873-878.
3. See Richard W. Ziolkowski, "Exact Solutions of the Wave Equation With Complex Source Locations," Journal of Mathematical Physics, Vol. 26, 1985, p. 861; "Localized Transmission of Wave Energy," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 1061, Microwave and Particle Beam Sources and Directed Energy Concepts, 1989, p. 396-397; "Localized Transmission of Electromagnetic Energy," Physical Review A, Vol. 39, p. 2005; "Localized Wave Transmission Physics and Engineering," Physical Review A, 1992, (in Press); "Localized wave transmission physics and engineering," Proc. SPIE Conference on Intense Microwave and Particle Beams II, Los Angeles, CA, vol. 1407, Jan. 1991, p. 375-386. See Richard W.Ziolkowski, Amr M. Shaarawi, and Ioannis M. Besieris, Nuclear Physics B (Proc. Suppl.), Vol. 6, 1989, p. 255-258; R.W. Ziolkowski, and D.K. Lewis, D.K., "Verification of the Localized Wave Transmission Effect," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 68, 1990, p.6083; Richard W. Ziolkowski, Ioannis M. Besieris, and Amr M. Shaarawi, "Local
ized Wave Representations of Acoustics and Electromagnetic Radiation," Proceedings of the IEEE, 79(10), Oct. 1991, p. 1371-1378; I.M. Besieris, A.M. Shaarawi, and R.W. Ziolkowski, "A bidirectional travelling plane wave representation of exact solutions of the scalar wave equation," Journal of Mathematical Physics, 30(6), 1989, p. 806; A.M. Shaarawi, I.M. Besieris, and R.W. Ziolkowski, "A novel approach to the synthesis of nondispersive wave packet solutions to the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac equations," Journal of Mathematical Physics, 31(10), 1990, p. 2511; "A nondispersive wave packet representation of photons and the wave-particle duality of light," UCRL-101694, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 1989; "Diffraction of a classical wave packet in a two slit interference experiment," UCRL-100756, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 1989; "Localized energy pulse trains launched from an open, semi-infinite, circular waveguide," Journal of Applied Physics,
65(2), 1989, p. 805; R.W. Ziolkowski, D.K.Lewis and B.D.Cook, "Experimental verification of the localized wave transmission effect," Physical Review Letters, 62(2), 1989, p. 147; R.W. Ziolkowski and D.K. Lewis, "Verification of the localized wave transmission effect," Journal of Applied Physics, 68(12), 1990, p. 6083; M.K. Tippett and R.W. Ziolkowski, "A bidirectional wave transformation of the cold plasma equations," Journal of Mathematical Physics, 32(2) 1991, p. 488; A.M. Vengsarkar, I.M. Besieris, A.M. Shaarawi, and R.W. Ziolkowski, "Localized energy pulses in optical fiber waveguides: Closed-form approximate solutions," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 1991.
4. For a precise statement of the distortion correction theorem, see Amnon Yariv, Optical Electronics, 3rd Ed., Holt, Rihehart and Winston, New York, 1985, p. 500-501.
5. Both wave and antiwave co-exist in the vacuum simultaneously, forming a stress wave. The entity that is stressed is the rate of flow of time. In the common interaction with matter, the time-forward half of the stress wave normally interacts with the electron shells of the atom, giving electron translations forces. The time-reversed or anti-wave half interacts with the nucleus, giving the Newtonian 3rd law reaction (recoil) forces. The so-called "EM wave" in vacuum is a gravitational wave. It is a wave of oscillation of the rate of flow of time. It is rather like a sound wave in air, as Tesla pointed out, and it is a longitudinal wave, not a transverse "string" wave.
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Á¤ÆÄ¿Í ¹ÝÆÄ°¡ °ø°£¿¡´Â Ç×»ó µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿© ½ºÆ®·¹½º ¿þÀ̺긦 Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ºÆ®·¹½º´Â ½Ã°£ÀÇ È帧ºñÀ²ÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ¹°Áú°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë¿¡¼, ½ºÆ®·¹½º ¿þÀ̺êÀÇ ¹ÝÆÄÀåÀÌ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ¿øÀÚÀÇ ÀüÀÚ²®Áú°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀüÀÚ¿¡°Ô À§Ä¡À̵¿ÀÇ ÈûÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë½Ã°£, ¶Ç´Â ¹Ý´ëÆÄÀÇ ¹ÝÆÄÀåÀº ÇÙ°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÏ¿©, ´ºÅæÀÇ Á¦ 3 ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ ¹ÝÀÛ¿ë·ÂÀ» »ý»êÇÑ´Ù. ¼ÒÀ§ °ø°£¿¡¼ÀÇ "ÀüÀÚ±âÆÄµ¿"Àº Áß·ÂÆÄÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ½Ã°£È帧À²ÀÇ Áøµ¿ÀÇ ÆÄµ¿ÀÌ´Ù.(¹ø¿ªÀÌ ³ÇØÇÔ -¿ªÁÖ). À̰ÍÀº Å×½½¶ó°¡ ÁöÀûÇÑ µ¥·Î °ø±âÁß¿¡¼ÀÇ À½ÆÄ¿Í ´õ ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Á¾ÆÄÀ̰í, "¹åÁÙ"°ú °°Àº ȾÆÄ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
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6. As pointed out by Nikola Tesla. Tesla was correct, and all the textbooks with their transverse "string" waves are in error. There are no strings in the vacuum!
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´ÏÄݶó Å×½½¶ó´Â À̰ÍÀ» ÁöÀûÇß´Ù. Å×½½¶ó´Â ¿Ç¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± "¹åÁÙ"ȾÆÄ¸¦ ´Ù·é ¸ðµç ¼ÀûµéÀº ¿À·ù¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. °ø°£¿¡´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹åÁÙµµ ¾ø´Ù!
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7. E.g., see Clayton R. Paul and Syed A. Nasar, Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982, p. 113.
8. E.g., see Clayton R. Paul and Syed A. Nasar, ibid., p. 100-101. See also Raymond A. Serway, Physics For Scientists And Engineers, With Modern Physics, Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, PA, 3rd Ed., Updated Version, 1992, p. 752-755.
9. Sommerfield's theory of metallic conduction was based on Drude's concept that the outer valence electrons of a conductor, which do not form crystal bonds, are free to migrate through the crystalline lattice structure, and so to form an electron gas. At room temperature, by quantum mechanical considerations, these free electrons are moving randomly, but at an average velocity on the order of 106 meters per sec. E.g., see Martin A. Plonus, Applied Electromagnetics, McGraw Hill, New York, 1978, p. 54-58, 62-3, 376-7. If you wish to know just how much power exchange is driving the collisions of the electron gas in a copper wire, here is an illustration. In one cubic centimeter of copper wire, the power exchange in and out of the electron gas is some 4 billion billion watts. That's the equivalent of 4 billion large electric power plants, each of 1,000 megawatt capacity. And one cubic centimeter of copper is a lump about the size of the end of our little finger.
10. E. g., see Raymond A. Serway, ibid., p. 743-744 for a discussion and calculation of the electron drift velocity in copper.
11. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, and Matthew Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley, New York, Vol. 1, 1963, p. 2-4. In the classical EM theory launched by Maxwell and later modified by Heaviside et al, this problem did not exist for the original theoretical formulation. In that formulation by Maxwell, and continued by Heaviside, a material ether is assumed for the model. The Michelson-Morley experiments of 1887 destroyed the notion of the material ether, but the classical electromagnetics model has never been corrected to rectify its very serious foundations flaw in this respect.
12. Robert Bruce Lindsay and Henry Margenau, Foundations of Physics, Dover Publications, New York, 1963, p. 283-287. Note on p. 283 that a "field of force" at any point is actually defined only for the case when a unit mass is present at that point. In spite of this, most classical electrodynamicists continue to adhere to the notion that the EM field exists as such in the vacuum, but do admit that physically measurable quantities such as force somehow involve the product of charge and field. E.g., see J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1975, p. 249. Note that holding such a concept is tantamount to holding on to the material ether, and assuming that the vacuum itself is "measurable" or "observable."
13. The formula F = ma is simply an algorithm for calculating the magnitude of the force. It states that "the magnitude of the force is equal to the magnitude of mass that is accelerating, multiplied by the magnitude of the acceleration." No such "equals" formula is a definition; it is only a calculational algorithm.
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F = ma , Èû = Áú·® * °¡¼Óµµ. À̰ÍÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÈûÀÇ ·®À» °è»êÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿¬»ê¹ýÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÈûÀÇ Á¤Àǰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù; À̰ÍÀº ´ÜÁö °è»êÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿¬»ê¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
14. This falsifies one of the assumptions in the common notion of the scalar potential; that its gradient in vacuum is a force field. Let us falsify another part of the conventional concept of the potential. Take the notion of forcibly pushing in "against the field" of a trapped charge, a unit charge from infinity. At any point you stop, the work n you have done on the unit charge is equal to the value of the potential, so it is said. Actually, you pushed in a one-coulomb collector, and have collected and dissipated as work n joules of energy on that one coulomb. In other words, the energy density of the potential there, if collected and dissipated on a collector, is n, where n is joules per coulomb (NOT joules!). To prove it: suppose we go out on 10,000 radials from that point, and push in from infinity 10,000 unit charges from infinity. Then, the total work done "against the potential gradient ("field", in common language) is now 10,000 n. This makes no sense at all from the conventionalview (which carefully refrains from multiple collectors!). It makes good sense from our view of the potential as having infinite energy but a finite energy density. In that case, the more collectors, the more energy collected, for dispersal as work.
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À̰ÍÀº ½ºÄ®¶óÆ÷Åټȿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϹÝÀû °¡Á¤¿¡¼ ÇѰ¡ÁöÀÇ ¿À·ù¸¦ Áý¾î³½´Ù. ÀüÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àç·¡ÀÇ °³³ä¿¡¼ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¿À·ù¸¦ ÁöÀûÇØº¸ÀÚ. ¹«ÇÑ ´ë·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾îÁø ´ÜÀ§ÀüÇÏ, °¤ÇôÁø ÀüÇÏÀÇ "¹Ý¹ßÀå"¿¡ °Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ð¾î³Ö´Â °ÍÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¼ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² Á¡¿¡¼µµ, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´ÜÀ§ÀüÇÏ¿¡ ÇàÇÑ ÀÏ nÀº ±× ÀüÀ§potentialÀÇ °ª°ú °°´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦, ´ç½ÅÀº one-coulomb ¼öÁý±â¸¦ ¹Ð¾î¼, ÀüÇϸ¦ ¸ð¾Æ Äð·Ò´ç n ÁÖ¿ïÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö·Î ÀÏÀ» ¼Ò»ê½ÃÄ×´Ù. ´Ù¸¥¸»·Î, ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀüÀ§ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ´Â, ¸¸¾à ¼öÁý±â¿¡¼ ¸ð¾ÆÁö°í ¼Ò»êµÈ´Ù¸é, À̰ÍÀº nÀ̰í, ¿©±â¼ nÀº joules per coulombÀÌ´Ù. ( joulesÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù! ). À̰ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇÑ´Ù¸é: ÇÑ Á¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ 10,000 °³ÀÇ ¹æ»ç¼±ÀÌ »¸¾î³ª°£´Ù°í °¡Á¤Çϰí, ¹Ù±ùÀÇ ¹«ÇÑ ´ë·ÎºÎÅÍ 10,000 °³ÀÇ ÀüÇϰ¡ ¹Ð·Á¿Â´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é, "ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¿¡ °¡ÇØÁø ( Åë»óÀÇ ¿ë¾î·Î "field")" ÅäÅ» work´Â ÀÌÁ¦ 10,000 n À̵ȴÙ. À̰ÍÀº Åë»óÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡¿¡¼º¸¸é ¸»ÀÌ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.( º¹¼öÀÇ ¼öÁý±â ÀÌ¿ëÀ» Á¶½É½º·¹ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °Í! ). ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °®´Â ÀüÀ§, ±×·¯³ª À¯ÇÑÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¹Ðµµ¸¦ °®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ º¸¸é ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì, ¼öÁý±â°¡ ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï, ´õ ¸¹Àº ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ¸ð¾ÆÁö°í, ÀÏ·Î½á ¼Ò»êµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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15. For a discussion, see Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, 1959.
16. Nikola Tesla, "The True Wireless," Electrical Experimenter, May 1919, p. 87.
17. The power in the load is always the time rate of dissipation of energy that has just been freely collected by the load for dissipation.
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ºÎÇÏ ³»ºÎÀÇ ÆÄ¿ö´Â Ç×»ó ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¸ð¾ÆÁø ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¼Ò»ê·üÀÌ´Ù.
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18. One can foresee a day in the not too distant future when any power company continuing to do such an unthinkable thing will have a class action suit brought against it by its customers!
19. T. E. Bearden, "Mechanism for Long-Term Cumulative Biological Effects of EM Fields and Radiation," March 1993 (in preparation).
20. Precisely analogous to a heat pump's operation - which as is well-known can readily be "over unity" in its efficiency. The maximum efficiency of the heat pump is about 8.22. E.g., see David Halliday and Robert Resnick, Fundamentals of Physics, 3rd Edition Extended, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1988, Volume 1, p. 510-519. Good heat pumps normally have about 4.0 efficiency.
21. External power in an electric circuit refers to the dissipation rate (in the circuit's external load) of the potential gradients on the activated/potentialized electrons. Internal power refers to the dissipation rate in the circuit's bipolarity source.
22. We call strong attention to T.W. Barrett, "Tesla's Nonlinear Oscillator-Shuttle-Circuit (OSC) Theory," Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, 16(1), No. 1, 1991, p. 23-41. In this important paper, Barrett shows that a higher topology EM, such as quaternion EM, allows many things to be accomplished with circuitry that are not apparent to a conventional vector or tensor analysis of that circuitry. He also shows the Nikola Tesla's circuits accomplished this higher topological functioning.
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T.W.BarrettÀÇ "Å×½½¶óÀÇ ºñ¼±Çü Áøµ¿-¿Õº¹-ȸ·Î ( OSC ) ÀÌ·Ð" ¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ³í¹®¿¡¼, Barrett´Â 4¿ø¼ö ÀüÀÚ±â¿Í °°Àº ÇÑ´Ü°è ³ôÀº ÀüÀÚ±â À§»óÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, À̰ÍÀº ȸ·Î³»¿¡¼ Àç·¡ÀûÀÎ º¤Åͳª ÅÙ¼ ºÐ¼®À¸·Î´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀ» ¼³¸íÇØÁØ´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ü°è ³ôÀº À§»ó±â´ÉÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÑ ´ÏÄݶó Å×½½¶óÀÇ È¸·Îµµ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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23. It is easy to test this. Connect several different wires to a single source of potential gradient. With respect to ground, the end of each one of those wires has the same potential gradient as does the original source with respect to ground. If you connect 10 wires to a single "100-volt" potential gradient source, you will have ten 100-volt potential gradients appear. You can use each of these ten potential gradients as a primary source. From each of these new primary sources, you can branch ten more, and now have a hundred potential gradient sources. You can treat each of these hundred new sources now as a primary source. To each one, you can add a switcher, collector, and external load, and drive all 100 loads. Or instead, you can put ten switcher/collector/external load circuits with each of the hundred new primary sources, and power all 1,000 external loads. Energy/potential is free from any source, so long as you do not demand power from the same source.
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À̰ÍÀº ½±°Ô Å×½ºÆ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÜÀÏÀÇ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç source¿¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ µµ¼±À» ¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù. Á¢Áö¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ¿©, ÀÌµé °¢°¢ÀÇ µµ¼±ÀÇ ³¡Àº ¿ø·¡ÀÇ source¿Í ¶È°°Àº ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ "100 volt"¸¦ °®´Â ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç source¿¡ 10°³ÀÇ µµ¼±À» ¿¬°áÇϸé, ´ç½ÅÀº 10°³ÀÇ 100- volt ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÌµé °¢°¢ 10°³ÀÇ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç¸¦ 1Â÷Àü¿øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌµé »õ·Î¿î °¢°¢ÀÇ 1Â÷Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ´ç½ÅÀº ´Ù½Ã 10°³ÀÇ °¡Áö¸¦ ´õ ´Þ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ°í, ±×·¡¼ ÀÌÁ¦´Â 100°³ÀÇ ÀüÀ§°æ»ç source¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº À̵é 100°³ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î Àü¿øÀ» ÀÌÁ¦ 1Â÷Àü¿øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ °¡Áö¿¡, ´ç½ÅÀº Àüȯ±â, ¼öÁý±â, ¿ÜºÎºÎÇϸ¦ ´Þ¾Æ¼ 100°³ÀÇ ºÎÇϸ¦ ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ´ë½Å, ´ç½ÅÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ °¡Áö¿¡ 10°³ÀÇ Àüȯ±â/¼öÁý±â/¿ÜºÎºÎÇϸ¦ ´Þ¾Æ¼, ¸ðµÎ 1,000°³ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎ ºÎÇϸ¦ ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¡³ÊÁö/ÀüÀ§´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ °°Àº Àü¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ, ¾î¶² Àü¿øÀ¸·Î ºÎÅ͵µ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù.
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24. Per Whittaker and Ziolkowski, this VPF exchange -- from consideration of its wave aspects -- consists of a harmonic series of bidirectional waves.
25. We are easily permitted to have free energy and violate the "local energy conservation law for a closed system." This is because the system is not closed, and so instead we must apply local energy conservation for an open system with a hidden source. In any given time interval, the energy taken (scattered) from the system as external work cannot exceed the sum of the unscattered trapped energy that was in the system initially and the unscattered energy that flowed into the system during that time interval.
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¿ì¸®´Â ÀÚÀ¯¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ½±°Ô ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í "´ÝÇôÁø °è¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ±¹Áö ¿¡³ÊÁöº¸Á¸ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢"À» ±ú¶ß¸± ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ±× ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ½Ç»ó ´ÝÈù °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±× ´ë½Å ¿ì¸®´Â ±¹Áö ¿¡³ÊÁö º¸Á¸À» ¼û°ÜÁø Àü¿ø°ú ÇÔ²² ¿¸° °è¿¡ Àû¿ë½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÁÖ¾îÁø ½Ã°£ °£°Ý¿¡¼µµ, ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ÀÏ·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ ¼Ò»êµÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ±× ½Ã°£ °£°Ýµ¿¾È ±× ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î Èê·¯µé¾î¿Â óÀ½ÀÇ ¼Ò»êµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °¤ÇôÁø ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ÇÕº¸´Ù Ŭ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
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26. You can actually do away with the separate collector, and utilize the doped copper DSC material itself as the collector. However, you will not be able to collect nearly so much energy in each collection cycle, for dissipating in the load in the subsequent work cycle.
Figure 1a. Internal wave structure of the scalar potential.

Figure 1b. Internal wave structure of the scalar potential (end).

Nondissipative components are
shown by dotted lines. Dissipative components are
shown by solid lines.
Figure 2. The secret of extracting and using free energy.

Additional Comments - 12 March 1993
Update - 13 May 1994
Copyright (c) 2001 by Y.W.Kim and All Rights Reserved.