WHAT IS WRONG WITH OUR ECONOMY?
[Áö±ÝÀÇ °æÁ¦´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ À߸øµÇ¾ú³ª? ]
In a previous article, I have mentioned the system of rent and interest, our current economic system in other words. The present
writing is a somewhat closer look at this system, especially at the reason for and the consequences of interest on debt.
[³ª´Â ¾Õ¼ Çö °æÁ¦½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Ç¥ÇöÀÎ ÀÓ´ë·á¿Í ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇß¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®°ÇÀº ÀÌ °æÁ¦½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á»´õ
¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ ¼³¸íÀ̸ç, Ưº°È÷ ±× ÀÌÀ¯¿Í ºÎä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀÚÀÇ °á¸»¿¡ ÁßÁ¡À» µÎ¾ú´Ù.]
Let's assume as one of the basic characteristics of a just economic order, that the income of the individual should be dependent on
his or her production, on the person's effectiveness. This will lead to differences in income but it will not result in an unjustified or
disproportional accumulation of capital and thereby power.
[ÀÚ, ÀÌÁ¦ °æÁ¦ÀÇ °¡Àå ±âº»ÀûÀΠƯ¼º¿¡´ëÇØ »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ. °³ÀÎÀÇ ¼ÒµæÀº ±×/±×³àÀÇ »ý»ê¹°, ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ È¿À²¼º¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº
¼ÒµæÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ Á¤´çÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº, ¶Ç´Â ºÒ±ÕÇüÀûÀÎ ÀÚº»ÀÇ ÃàÀû¿¡¼ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.]
The principle of exchange is one of the fundamental laws of human society. We can approximate this principle by saying that income
and outgo, or in other words production and reward, should be in balance. No one should get an income for which he does not have
to work (excepting of course assistance to the needy) and on the other hand, no part of our well-earned income should be withheld
from us.
[»óÈ£±³È¯ÀÇ ¿øÄ¢Àº Àΰ£»çȸÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¼Òµæ°ú ÁöÃâÀ̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î·Î ÀÌ ¿øÄ¢¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥¸»·Î »ý»êȰµ¿°ú
º¸¼ö¶ó´Â ¸»·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¸ç ÀÌ µÎ°¡Áö´Â ±ÕÇüÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«µµ ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº ÀÏ¿¡¼ ¼ÒµæÀ» ¾òÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î, ¿ì¸®°¡
ºÎÁö·±È÷ ÀÏÇØ¼ ¾òÀº ¼ÒµæÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀÌ¶óµµ ´Ù¸¥ °÷À¸·Î ºüÁ®³ª°¡¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.]
However, we all know that the present (capitalistic) system leads to an exactly opposite effect: a few get richer and richer through
the work of a large but powerless majority.
[±×·¯³ª, ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ Ã¼°è°¡ Á¤È®È÷ ¹Ý´ëÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù: ±Ø¼Ò¼ö°¡ Èû¾ø´Â ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» ÅëÇØ
Á¡Á¡´õ ºÎÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾î°£´Ù.]
THE MECHANISM OF INTEREST
[ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁò]
The mechanism that brings about this effect is simple and ingenious. It is the mechanism of interest, which, through the yearly
addition of interest to the capital and the calculation of interest upon interest, leads to an exponential growth of accumulated capital,
without requiring direct production. This distorts competition and violates the principle of exchange.
[ÀÌ·± È¿°úÀÇ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀº ´Ü¼øÇÏ°í ±³¹¦ÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀº, ƯÁ¤ ÀÚº»¿¡ 1³â ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ ÀÌÀÚ°¡ ºÙ°í ÀÌÀÚ¿¡ ÀÌÀÚ, Áï º¹¸®°¡ ºÙ¾î,
±âÇϱ޼öÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ¾î³ª´Â ÀÚº»Àº, »ý»ê°ú´Â ¹«°üÇϸç, À̰ÍÀº °æÀï¿ø¸®¿Í ±³È¯ÀÇ ¿øÄ¢À» À§¹ÝÇÑ´Ù.]
In order to get an idea of the complete absurdity of this mechanism, let's imagine that someone invested one cent at the time of
Christ's birth, for a moderate yearly interest of 4 %. In our time, all the riches of the earth would not be sufficient to pay back this
penny with the accumulated interest and the interest upon interest. In fact, even if we had a clump of gold the size of our planet, it
would be far too little to pay off the debt owed to the astute and long-lived investor.
[ÀÌ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ºÒÇÕ¸®¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§Çؼ ´©±º°¡ ¿¹¼ö°¡ ź»ýÇÏ´ø ÇØ¿¡ 1¼¾Æ®¸¦ ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿© ¿¬¸® 4 %ÀÇ ÀÌÀÚ¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù°í
»ó»óÇØº¸ÀÚ. ±×·¸´Ù¸é, ±× ±Ý¾×Àº ¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ÀÌÀÚ, ¶Ç ÀÌÀÚ°¡ ºÙ¾î Áö±¸»óÀÇ ¸ðµç Àçȸ¦ ÇÕÄ£´Ù ÇØµµ °±À» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Â ±Ý¾×ÀÌ µÉ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç, ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ Áö±¸Å©±â ¸¸ÇÑ ±Ýµ¢¾î¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ÙÇØµµ ±³È°ÇÏ°Ô ¿À·¡»ç´Â ÅõÀÚ°¡ÀÇ ºúÀ» °±±â¿¡´Â ÅξøÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.]
Even if though the creditor does not need to directly produce, in order to receive interest, the profit represented by the interest has
to be produced by someone. In fact, the work necessary to pay interest on a global scale is done by that part of the population
(probably greater than 95 %) that is earning it's income without being capitalists, that is, without living majorly from investment and
the resulting interest.
[ä±ÇÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ »ý»êÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´ÙÇØµµ, ÀÌÀÚ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ³»±âÀ§ÇØ, ÀÌÀڷΠǥÇöµÇ´Â ÀÌÀÍÀº ´©±º°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý»êµÇ¾îÁ®¾ß¸¸
ÇÑ´Ù. »ç½Ç, ÀÌÀÚ¸¦ ÁöºÒÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ÀÚº»°¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ Àü¼¼°è Àα¸ÀÇ 95 % ÀÌ»óÀÇ Àα¸°¡ ÀÏÀ» ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. À̵éÀº ÅõÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ÀÌÀڼҵ濡
ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ³ëµ¿¸¸À» ÁÖ¼ÒµæÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â °èÃþÀÌ´Ù.]
This mechanism is not very obvious, because interest is hidden as a percentage in all prices we normally pay. This is the more
dangerous as we do not see the interest and so cannot fight against it.
[ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀº ¸íÈ®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹Àºµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸Åë ÁöºÒÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¹°°ÇÀÇ °¡°Ý¿¡ ¸î ÆÛ¼¾Æ®ÀÇ ºñÀ²·Î ÀÌÀÚ°¡
¼û¾îÀֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »óȲÀº ´õ À§ÇèÇѵ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© ½Î¿ì±â Èûµé °Ô µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ]
The percentage of interest hidden in prices is somewhere between 30 and 70 % and is caused by the fact that the producer, the
builder, the businessman have to "serve" the capital needed to produce the goods, to build the houses or to deliver their services. In
other words, their investments cost them interest. The percentage of interest is especially high in house or office rents, as
mortgages require long-term financing and consequently more interest. Often more than 70 % of the rent figure is not caused by
building costs but by interest!
[°¡°Ý¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÀÌÀÚ´Â º¸Åë 30 - 70% Á¤µµÀ̰í, À̰ÍÀº »ý»êÀÚ¿Í Á¦Á¶»ç, »ç¾÷°¡°¡ ¹°Ç°ÀÇ »ý»ê°ú °Ç¹°ÀÇ °ÇÃà, ¿ë¿ªÀÇ ¿î¼ÛÀ» À§ÇØ
ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÚº»¿¡ ´ëÇØ "ºÀ»ç"¸¦ ÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥¸»·Î Çϸé, ±×µéÀÇ ÅõÀÚ´Â ÀÌÀÚ¸¦ ÁöºÒÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÁýÀ̳ª »ç¹«½Ç ÀÓ´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì
Ưº°È÷ ³ôÀº ÀÌÀÚ°¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î ´ãº¸À¶ÀÚµîÀº Àå±â°£ÀÇ ¼³Á¤°ú °á±¹ ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÌÀÚ¸¦ »ý»êÇØ ³½´Ù. ÀÚÁÖ ÀÓ´ë·áÀÇ 70 % ÀÌ»óÀº °ÇÃàºñ°¡
¾Æ´Ñ ÀÌÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.]
Salaries are of course subject to the same treatment and so the working person pays twice to the capitalist: once because his salary
is lower than it should be and a second time when he pays his rent or buys the things he needs for his survival: food, clothing,
household appliances, water, energy, transport, even our free time is taxed mercilessly by that same mechanism.
[±Þ¿© ¶ÇÇÑ ¶È°°Àº ¿ø¸®·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ¾î ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ±Þ¿©¸¦ ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌÁßÀ¸·Î ÀÚº»°¡¿¡°Ô ÀÌÀÚ¸¦ ÁöºÒÇÑ´Ù: ù ¹øÂ° ±×ÀÇ ±Þ¿©´Â
±×°¡ Á¦°øÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ´ë°¡º¸´Ù ³·°í µÎ ¹øÂ°´Â ±×°¡ »îÀ» À¯ÁöÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ À½½Ä, ¿Ê, Áý, °¡±¸, ¹°, ¿¡³ÊÁö, ¿î¼Û¼ö´Ü, ±Þ±â¾ß ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
ÀÚÀ¯½Ã°£±îÁö ¶È°°Àº ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô ¼¼±ÝÀÌ ºÎ°úµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.]
This becomes even more obvious if seen in the context of the finances of a country, because some 30 to 40 %, and that is a
respectable amount of billions of dollars, goes not to education, building infrastructure, keeping up the state bureaucracy or even
defense, no - it goes to pay interest! The single largest item of expense in many a national budget is what is called "debt service".
That money goes to those persons and societies that have lent money to the country against treasury bonds or other instruments
of debt issued by the government.
[À̰ÍÀº ÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ ÀçÁ¤À» ÆÄ¾ÇÇÏ¸é ´õ ¸íÈ®ÇØÁø´Ù. 30% ¿¡¼ 40 %, ¼ö¹é¸¸ ´Þ·¯ÀÇ µ·ÀÌ, ±³À°°ú ÀÎÇÁ¶óÀÇ °Ç¼³, ÁÖÁ¤ºÎÀÇ À¯Áöºñ,
±¹¹æºñµîÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀÌÀÚ¸¦ ÁöºÒÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù! ¸¹Àº ³ª¶óÀÇ ¿¹»ê¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å« ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº "ºú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀÌÀÚ" ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ´ëÇÑ µ·ÀÌ ±¹°øÃ¤µî°ú ±âŸ Á¤ºÎ¹ßÇàÀÇ Ã¤±Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºô·ÁÁØ ¼Ò¼öºÎÈ£µéÀÇ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î µé¾î°£´Ù.]
It should be interesting to follow the current budget discussions and see how many billions of dollars the federal government spends
for the payment of interest on its debt, an expenditure that is of course our own as the country's income is based on the taxes paid
by the individual citizen.
[³â°£ ¼ö¹é¸¸ ´Þ·¯°¡ ºúÀÇ ÀÌÀÚ·Î ÁöÃâµÇ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¿¹»ê¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³íÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ÀÏÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¹°·Ð ½Ã¹Î °³°³ÀÎÀÌ
ÁöºÒÇÑ ¼¼±ÝÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù.]
Far worse off are the countries of the third world, whose interest payments have become outright nightmares. Those countries all
use a large part of their export earnings to pay the usurious interest rates demanded from them, without having a realistic
possibility of ever paying back their debts. As a whole, the industrialized countries or rather their banks and the capital interests
behind these are sucking more out of the third world every year in terms of money and raw materials than gets given to these
countries - even considering third world loans and the pennies that are called "development aid".
[À̰ÍÀº Á¦ 3¼¼°è¿Í °³¹ßµµ»ó±¹°¡¿¡¼´Â ´õ ½É°¢Çؼ, ±×µé ³ª¶óµé¿¡¼´Â ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ÁöºÒÀº ¾Ç¸ù ±× ÀÚüÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌµé ±¹°¡µéÀº ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ
ºÎä»óȯ´É·ÂÀÇ ºÎÀç¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í °í¸®ÀÇ µ·À» ºô·È°í, ±× ¸·´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀÚ¸¦ °±±âÀ§ÇØ ¼öÃâ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼öÀÔ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. °á±¹
ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î´Â, ¼ÒÀ§ ¼±Áø±¹ ¶Ç´Â ±×µéÀÇ ÀºÇàµé, ±× µÚ¿¡¼ ÀÚº»À̵æÀ» ÃëÇÏ´Â ¼¼·ÂµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ Á¦ 3¼¼°è¿¡ º¸Å¾îÁØ °Íº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ¸¹Àº
µ·°ú õ¿¬ÀÚ¿øÀ» Á¦ 3¼¼°è·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼öÅ»ÇÏ¿©°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ ±×µéÀº "°³¹ß¿øÁ¶"¶ó´Â ¸í¸ñÀ¸·Î Á¦ 3¼¼°è¿¡ µ·À» À¶ÀÚÇÑ´Ù.]
THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM
[ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ Ã¼°è]
The stock exchange was originally established with the purpose of providing capital for productive societies, through the issue of
stocks or bonds which, with a promise of interest, would attract investors. Today this function has become largely incidental and the
game has degraded into one of speculation. There is speculation with "futures", that is, with future prices of goods. Currency
speculation is making up a large part of the international buying and selling. "Junk bonds" are used to finance hostile takeovers of
companies, which are then more often than not ruined by "asset stripping", i.e. selling off the most promising parts, to regain
finances for the repayment of the bonds.
[ÁÖ½ÄÀÇ ±³È¯Àº ¿ø·¡ »ý»ê»çȸ¿¡¼ ÀÚº»ÀÇ °ø±ÞÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ý°Ü³ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áֽİú Áõ±ÇÀÇ ¹ßÇàÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÌÀÍÀÇ ºÐ¹è¸¦ ¾à¼ÓÇϰí,
ÅõÀÚÀÚµéÀ» ¸ðÁýÇÑ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ À̰ÍÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº ÀϹÝȵǾî Åõ±â¿Í »çÇàÀ¸·Î º¯ÁúµÇ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù. À̰ÍÀº "¹Ì·¡"¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¹ÚÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ
»óǰ°¡°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åõ±âÀÌ´Ù. ÅëÈÅõ±â´Â ´ëºÎºÐ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ °Å·¡¸¦ ÅëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. "Á¤Å©º»µå"´Â Àû´ëÀû ±â¾÷ÇÕº´¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº
°¡Àå °¡Ä¡ÀÖ´Â ºÎ¹®ÀÇ "ÀÚ»ê ¸Å°¢"À» ÅëÇØ Áõ±Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë°¡¸¦ ÁöºÒÇϰí ÀçÁ¤À» ÀçÈ®º¸ÇÏ¿© »ì¾Æ³²´Â °Í º¸´Ù ´õ ÀÚÁÖ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â
ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ]
ÁÖ)Á¤Å©º»µå: ½Å¿ëµî±ÞÀÌ ³ô¾Æ ÅõÀÚÀû°Ý¾÷ü¿¡ ¼ÓÇß´ø ±â¾÷ÀÌ °æ¿µ¾Çȳª ½ÇÀûºÎÁøÀ¸·Î ½Å¿ëµî±ÞÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ³·¾ÆÁ³À» ¶§ °ú°Å ±× ±â¾÷ÀÌ ¹ßÇàÇß´ø ä±ÇÀ» ÁöĪÇÏ´Â ¿ë¾îÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ¾Ç¼ºÃ¤±Ç»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼ºÀ强Àº ÀÕÀ¸³ª ½Å¿ë µî±ÞÀÌ ³·Àº Áß¼Ò±â¾÷ÀÌ ¹ßÇàÇÑ Ã¤±Ç, ȤÀº ±â¾÷ÀÇ ¸Å¼ö¡¤ÇÕ º´¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» Á¶´ÞÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹ßÇàÇÑ Ã¤±Ç µîÀ» ±¤¹üÀ§ ÇÏ°Ô ÁöĪÇÏ´Â °³³äÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
Black Fridays and black Mondays are costing the small investors immense sums of saved-up capital and enrich those who
"predicted" or rather precipitated the crash. Dog eat dog, a rather rough game.
[°ËÀº ±Ý¿äÀϰú °ËÀº ¿ù¿äÀϵîÀº °³ÀÎ ÅõÀÚÀÚ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¹æ´ëÇÏ°Ô ÃàÀûµÈ ÀÚº»¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ÆÄ»êÀ» "¿¹»ó"Çϰųª, ¾Æ´Ï Á»´õ
±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» "°èȹ"ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹è¸¦ ºÒ·ÁÁØ´Ù. Åõ°ßÀåÀÇ ÅõÀüÆÇ°ú °°´Ù.]
THE BANKS
[ÀºÇà]
The situation with the banks is not much better. They are "respectable" partners in the same games of speculation and many of
them, to use a somewhat direct expression, are "drug addicted". A large part of their cash flow is based on the proceeds of illegal
drug dealing and other such activities. An effective control has not been possible so far and it even seems that the laws against drug
abuse and drug dealing, far from stopping the drug business, are the very guaranty for its success. In fact, the prohibition of drugs,
just as half a century ago the prohibition of alcohol, is establishing a very lucrative monopoly for those ruthless enough to get into
the business, and the yearly income from illegal drug sales internationally has hit hundreds of billions of dollars.
[ÀºÇàµéÀÇ »óȲµµ ´õ ³ªÀ» °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×µéÀº Á÷Á¢Àû Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î, "¾à¹°Áßµ¶"µÈ ´ë´Ù¼ö ÅõÀÚÀÚµéÀÇ Åõ±â°ÔÀÓ¿¡¼ "½Å·ÚÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ"
µ¿¹ÝÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ±×µé Çö±ÝÈ帧ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀº ºÒ¹ý ¸¶¾à°Å·¡¿Í °ü·Ã Ȱµ¿À¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁø °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù. ¾à¹°³²¿ë°ú ¸¶¾à°Å·¡¸¦ ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â ¹ý±ÔÁ¤Àº
¸¶¾à»ç¾÷À» ÁßÁö½ÃŰ´Â °Í°ú´Â °Å¸®°¡ ¸Ö°í, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±×°ÍÀÇ ¼º°øÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÁøÁ¤ ¸¶¾à°Å·¡ÀÇ È¿°úÀû ÅëÁ¦´Â
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. »ç½Ç ¸¶¾à°Å·¡ÀÇ ±ÝÁö´Â, ¹Ù·Î ¹Ý¼¼±âÀü ¾ËÄÚ¿ÃÀÇ ±ÝÁö¿Í ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î, ±×°ÍÀÇ µ¶Á¡¼¼·Â¿¡°Ô µ·º¶ôÀ» ¸Â°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.
ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÎ ±¹Á¦¸¶¾à°Å·¡·Î ±×µéÀº ÇØ¸¶´Ù ¼öõ¸¸ ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ¼ÒµæÀ» ¿Ã¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù.]
In addition to recycling the proceeds of drug sales, the banks are the collection agencies for interest, without which no money is to
be had, be the need ever so urgent, the purpose ever so noble. The countries of the third world are largely under the management
of the banks. They do not get credits and cannot even negotiate the terms of repayment of their debts, without first declaring, by
means of "letter of intent", that they are willing to apply the recipes given them for their economies by the world bank and
international monetary fund, which more often than not include a lowering of the often already pathetic standard of living of their
population, the sale of their industrial capacity and raw materials to international speculators and a forced agenda of population
control, which means sterilization of the women of childbearing age.
[¸¶¾àÆÇ¸Å´ë±ÝÀÇ ¼¼Å¹°ú ÇÔ²², ÀºÇàµéÀº °áÄÚ °í»óÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ, °¡Á®¼´Â ¾ÈµÇ´Â, ±ÞÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº, ÀÌÀÚ¶ó´Â µ·ÀÇ ¼öÁý±â°üÀÌ´Ù. Á¦
3¼¼°èÀÇ ³ª¶óµéÀº À̵é ÀºÇàÀÇ °æ¿µÁö¹è¸¦ Æø† °Ô ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌµé ³ª¶óµéÀº ½Å¿ëµî±ÞÀÌ ³·¾Æ ±×µé ºÎäÀÇ »óȯ±â°£¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çù»óÁ¶Â÷ ÇÒ
¼ö ¾ø°í, "µ¿ÀǼ"ÀÇ ¹ßÇ¥µµ ¾øÀÌ ÀÚ±¹ÀÇ °æÁ¦È¸»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼°èÀºÇàÀ̳ª IMFÀÇ Ã³¹æÀ» ±â²¨ÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδÙ. ±× ó¹æÀ̶õ °ÍÀº ÀÚÁÖ
±×·¸ÀݾƵµ ³·Àº ±¹¹Î´ëÁßÀÇ »ýȰ¼öÁØÀ» ´õ ³·Ãß°í, ±×µéÀÇ »ê¾÷¼³ºñ¿Í õ¿¬ÀÚ¿øÀ» ±¹Á¦Åõ±â²Ûµé¿¡°Ô ¸Å°¢Çϸç, °¡ÀÓ¿©¼ºµé¿¡°Ô
ºÒÀӽüúÀ» ÇϴµîÀÇ °Á¦Àû Àα¸Á¤Ã¥À» ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ]
COMMUNISM
[°ø»êÁÖÀÇ]
Even communism has never had a real alternative to the capitalistic system of interest. The countries of eastern Europe and what
was formerly the Soviet Union, which are orienting themselves now towards the "free market" economy, are just as much in debt,
with the same international moneylenders, as the countries of the third world and some of the industrialized nations of the west.
Marx and Engels saw the exploitation of the "masses" as rooted in the ownership of the means of production. They did not see,
however, that the owner of the means of production is just as far from being a capitalist as the worker himself. Both in fact have to
bring sacrifice to the same god - interest.
[°ø»êÁÖÀÇ Á¶Â÷ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ Ã¼°èÀÇ ÀÌÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ´ë¾ÈÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. "ÀÚÀ¯½ÃÀå" °æÁ¦·Î ¼±È¸ÇÑ µ¿±¸ À¯·´±¹°¡µé°ú °ú°ÅÀÇ
¼Ò·ÃÀº Á¦ 3¼¼°èÀÇ ±¹°¡µé°ú ¼±¸ÀÇ ÀϺΠ¼±Áø±¹µé¿¡°Ô µ·À» ºô·ÁÁØ ¹Ù·Î ±× ±¹Á¦ ´ë±Ý¾÷Àڵ鿡°Ô·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶È°°ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ºúÀ» Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¶¸£Å©½º¿Í ¿¨°Ö½º´Â »ý»êµµ±¸ÀÇ °³ÀμÒÀ¯¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ "³ëµ¿ÀÚ"ÀÇ ÂøÃ븦 ¹ß°ßÇßÁö¸¸, »ý»êµµ±¸ÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚµéÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé°ú °°Àº
ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇÀÚ°¡ Àý´ë ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ¹ß°ßÄ¡ ¸øÇß´Ù. µÎ°¡Áö ¸ðµÎ ½Å°ú ÀÌÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Èñ»ýÀ» °¡Á®¿Í¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ]
WHY INTEREST?
[¿Ö ÀÌÀÚÀΰ¡?]
From the time man has started to use money as a means of exchange, he was always in a dilemma: how to reconcile the double
function of money - means of exchange and means of saving.
[Àηù°¡ ±³È¯ÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î µ·À» ÀÌ¿ëÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ ¶§·ÎºÎÅÍ, »ç¶÷µéÀº Ç×»ó ÇѰ¡Áö µô·¹¸¶¿¡ ºÀÂøÇß´Ù: ±³È¯ÀÇ ¼ö´Ü°ú ÃàÀûÀÇ
¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î½áÀÇ µ·ÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö ±â´ÉÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô Á¶È½Ã۴°¡.]
As a means of exchange, money must circulate. It must be available to buy and sell goods and services, because barter - the direct
exchange of goods against goods or services against goods is too cumbersome and is impossible to realize once the group whose
members want to interchange becomes too large.
[±³È¯ÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼, µ·Àº ¼øÈ¯Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¹ÙÅÍÁ¦ ( ¹°¹°±³È¯ - ¹°°Ç°ú ¹°°Ç, ¶Ç´Â ¹°°Ç°ú ¿ë¿ª )´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ¹ø°Å·Ó°í, ±³È¯À» ¿øÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸¹À» °æ¿ì Çѹø¿¡ °Å·¡ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, µ·Àº ¹°°Ç°ú ¿ë¿ªÀ» »ç°í ÆÈ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ]
However money, at first mostly a "valuable" or at least a rare substance, has to be available in an amount exactly corresponding to
the goods and services that are available to be exchanged. If too much money is in circulation, the result is inflation, prices rise. In
the opposite case prices fall, commerce is hindered, production crashes and the economy fails. The direct result is recession and
crisis. The constant cyclic ups and downs of economic expansion and economic crisis are closely connected to the amount of money
in circulation with relation to the goods and services produced.
[±×·¯³ª µ·Àº óÀ½¿¡ ´ëºÎºÐ "±ÍÁßǰ" ¶Ç´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ Èñ±ÍÇÑ ½ÇÁúÀû °¡Ä¡·Î½á, Á¤È®È÷ ±³È¯ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹°°Ç°ú ¿ë¿ªÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¸Å¸¸ÀÌ
»ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¸¾à ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº µ·ÀÌ À¯ÅëµÇ¸é, °á°ú´Â ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀ» °¡Á®¿À°í, °ªÀÌ »ó½ÂÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â °ªÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö°í »ó¾÷Ȱµ¿Àº
À§ÃàµÇ¸ç, »ý»êÀº Á¤ÁöµÇ°í °æÁ¦´Â ÆÄ»êÇÑ´Ù. Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °á°ú´Â °æ±âħü¿Í °æÁ¦À§±âÀÌ´Ù. °æÁ¦ÀÇ È®Àå°ú À§±â¸¦ ÀÏÁ¤ ÁÖ±â·Î ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀº »ý»êµÈ »óǰ°ú ¿ë¿ª¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î À¯ÅëµÇ´Â µ·ÀÇ ·®°ú ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ ¿¬°üÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.]
Due to the double function of money however, and in part due to the relative scarcity or abundance of gold or other substances
used to mint money, it was almost impossible to keep the amount of money in relative balance with the amount of goods. The
saving of money had the effect of lowering the amount of money in circulation and often showed devastating effects on the
economy.
[±×·¯³ª µ·ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÁßÀû ±â´É ¶§¹®¿¡, ±×¸®°í µ·À» ÁÖÁ¶Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±ÝÀ̳ª ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ ¹°ÁúÀÌ ºÎÁ·Çϱ⵵ ÇÏ°í ³²±âµµ ÇÔÀ¸·Î,
À¯ÅëµÇ´Â µ·ÀÇ ·®À» À¯ÅëµÇ´Â »óǰÀÇ ·®°ú Á¤È®È÷ ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃá´Ù´Â °ÍÀº °ÅÀÇ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù. µ·ÀÇ ÃàÀûÀº À¯ÅëµÇ´Â µ·ÀÇ ·®À» ÁÙÀÓÀ¸·Î½á
°æÁ¦¸¦ ȲÆóÈ ½ÃŰ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ]
In order to entice at least a part of the savings back into circulation, the practice of paying interest was a logical step. The person
who had saved money was given a reward for letting his savings once again circulate as a means of payment, and that reward was
called interest.
[°³ÀÎÀÌ ÃàÀûÇϰí ÀÖ´Â µ·À» ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ÀÏºÎ¶óµµ ½ÃÁßÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã À¯Åë½Ã۱â À§ÇØ, ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ÁöºÒÀº ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. µ·À» ÀúÃàÇÑ
°³ÀÎÀº ±×ÀÇ µ·À» ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÁß¿¡ À¯Åë½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÇ ´ë°¡·Î º¸»óÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±× º¸»óÀº "ÀÌÀÚ"¶ó°í ºÒ¸®¿öÁ³´Ù.]
The excesses and dangers connected with this practice became obvious quite early on, and various attempts were made to keep the
excesses under control. Usury was declared a crime and the Christian Church as well as the religion of Islam forbade their members
to loan money against interest. What was not done however, was to separate the two opposing and incompatible functions of money.
[ÀÌÀÚÁ¦µµÀÇ ½ÃÇà°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ±× °úÀ×È¿°ú¿Í À§ÇèÀº ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ¸í¹éÇß°í, ±×·¡¼ ±×°ÍÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ·Á´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¸¹Àº ½Ãµµ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
°í¸®´ë±Ý¾÷Àº ºÒ¹ýÈ µÇ¾ú¾ú°í, ±âµ¶±³¿Í À̽½¶÷Àº ½Åµµµé¿¡°Ô ±ÝÀüÀÇ ´ëºÎ¸¦ ±ÝÁö½ÃÄ×¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³¡³» ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº, ¼·Î
¹Ý´ëµÇ°í ¾ç¸³µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â µ·ÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö ±â´ÉÀ» ºÐ¸®½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ]
The role of money lenders was thus given to the Jews and in fact even to this day Jews continue to gravitate in a certain sense to
the banking and money business. This in fact is not an inborn racial or religious preference, but came about through an agreed upon
historical separation of roles. It is no wonder therefore, that the first large european banking houses were in the hands of jewisch
families.
[±ÝÀü ´ëºÎ¾÷ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº À¯´ë°èÅë¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁ³°í »ç½Ç ¿À´Ã³¯±îÁö À¯´ë°èÅëÀº ÀºÇà¾÷°ú ±ÝÀ¶¾÷¿¡ ¸·´ëÇÑ ºñÁßÀ» Â÷ÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº
¹ÎÁ·À̳ª Á¾±³ÀÇ ¼±¹ÎÀû Ư±ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í, ´ÜÁö ¿ª»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÎÁ¤µÈ ¿ªÇÒÀÇ ºÐ¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À¯·´ÀÇ °¡Àå ¼Õ²ÅÈ÷´Â
ÀºÇà°¡¹®µéÀÌ À¯´ë°¡¹®¿¡ ¼ÓÇØÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³î¶ö¸¸ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.]
The fact that a Hitler could come along and use this to justify his persecution of Jews which in Nazi Germany led to untold suffering
and catastrophe, only goes to show our absolute lack of comprehension of these matters.
[³ªÂîµ¶ÀÏÀÇ È÷Ʋ·¯°¡ ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î À¯´ëÀεéÀ» ź¾ÐÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ ÀÌÇØ°¡ Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÁ·ÇÔÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ]
Even today, the central banks use interest in the form of the discount rate as a means to steer the economy. Instead of directly
influencing the amount of money in circulation, the economy is "regulated" with the mechanism of interest, with more than doubtful
results.
[¿À´Ã³¯ Á¶Â÷, Áß¾ÓÀºÇàµéÀº ÀÌÀÚÀ²ÀÇ Á¶Á¤À» ÅëÇØ¼ °æÁ¦¸¦ ÁÂÁö¿ìÁöÇÑ´Ù. µ·ÀÇ À¯Åë·®À» Á÷Á¢ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å, °æÁ¦´Â Á»´õ È®½ÇÇÑ
ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ» ÅëÇØ "ÅëÁ¦"µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ]
Besides leading to an unjust distribution of capital through the automatic accumulation of debts and the automatic increase of
capitals, the mechanism of interest has another shortcoming: It cannot function below a certain percentage. When interest is less
that 2 - 3 %, it loses its effectiveness in enticing money into circulation. People prefer to keep their money if they do not find a
rewarding opportunity for investment.
[ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ¾î³ª´Â ºÎä¿Í ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ¾î³ª´Â ÀÚº»À» ÅëÇØ ºÎÀÇ ºÐ¹è°¡ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í ¸»°íµµ, ÀÌÀÚÁ¦µµ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥
°áÇÔÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù: À̰ÍÀº ¾î¶² ÆÛ¼¾Æ¼Áö ÀÌÇÏ¿¡¼´Â ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌÀÚÀ²ÀÌ 2 - 3 % ¹Ì¸¸ÀÌ µÇ¸é, À̰ÍÀº µ·À»
À¯Åë¼øÈ¯Ã¼°è¼ÓÀ¸·Î ²ø¾î³»Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ÅõÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ º¸»óÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀÇ µ·À» ³»³õÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.]
THE SOLUTION
[ÇØ´ä]
What would be the solution to this riddle that has plagued us for centuries? It is not as complicated as most economists would have
us believe. A man called Silvio Gesell has pointed out these pitfalls and worked out a solution already in the early part of this
century.
[¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È ¿ì¸®¸¦ ³ó¶ôÇÑ ÀÌ ¼ö¼ö²²³¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀº ¹«¾ùÀϱî? ±×°ÍÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏµí ±×·¸°Ô ¾î·Æ°í º¹ÀâÇÑ °ÍÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì ±Ý¼¼±â ÃÊ Silvio Gesell À̶ó´Â »ç¶÷Àº ±× ¸¶¼ö¿Í °°Àº ÇÔÁ¤À» ÆÄ¾ÇÇÏ°í ±× ÇØ°áÃ¥À» Áý¾î³»¾ú´Ù.]
Why was his voice not given consideration? It seems that may have something to do with the power of those who live mainly from
interest - those we should rightfully call capitalists.
[¿Ö ±×ÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®°¡ °í·ÁÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Â°¡? ÀÌ´Â ÀÌÀÚ¸¦ ÁÖ¼ÒµæÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¸ç »ì°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Èû - ¿ì¸®°¡ Áö´ç ÀÚº»°¡¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â
- ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹æÇصǾîÁø °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.]
The essential points of a program of change would have to be the following:
[ÀÌ º¯È ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº ´Ù¸§°ú °°´Ù: ]
Interest can no longer be used as a regulating mechanism for the economy.
[°æÁ¦¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ÀÌÀÚÁ¦µµ´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ]
The functions of means of savings and means of exchange must be well separated from each other.
[ÀúÃàÀ» À§ÇÑ ±â´É°ú ±³È¯À» À§ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼·Î ´ÜÀý½ÃŲ´Ù.]
The circulating amount of money must be linked to the amount of goods and services offered, in order to achieve an absolute
stability of prices - preventing both inflation and recession.
[À¯ÅëµÇ´Â ÈÆóÀÇ ·®Àº Á¤È®È÷ »óǰ°ú ¿ë¿ªÀÇ ·®°ú ÀÏÄ¡½ÃŲ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ǰú µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀ» ¹æÁöÇÏ°í °¡Ä¡ÀÇ
Àý´ë±ÕÇüÀ» ¾ò±âÀ§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.]
That part of the money that should function as a means of exchange must be forced to circulate in a way that does not rely on
interest. (Proposals have been made for a slight yearly devaluation of circulating cash which would prevent cash from being
hoarded, thereby forcing circulation.)
[±³È¯ÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ µ·Àº ÀÌÀÚ¿¡ ¿µÇâ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í °Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î À¯Åë½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ( ÇØ¸¶´Ù ÈÆóÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ Æò°¡ÀýÇϸ¦
½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© µ·ÀÌ ÇÑ °÷¿¡ ÃàÀûµÇÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î µ·Àº ¼øÈ¯µÈ´Ù.) ]
In this way, interest rates would diminish to eventually reach zero. The loaning out of money by the banks would be paid for by a
small percentage to compensate for the risk, that would however not be tied to the time of the loan and would not be causing a
yearly increase of the capital.
[ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÌÀÚÀ²Àº °¨¼ÒµÇ¾î °á±¹ Á¦·Î°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀºÇàÀÇ ±ÝÀü´ëÃâÀº ½Ã°£¿¡ ¿¬°èµÈ ÀÌÀÚ·Î ÇØ¸¶´Ù ÀÚº»ÀÌ
Áõ°¡µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¾à°£ÀÇ À§ÇèºÎ´ã¾×¸¸À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÈ´Ù.]
The writings of Silvio Gesell (mostly in German but some books and brochures are available in English) are sold by INWO, the
International Association for a Natural Economic Order.
Silvio GesellÀÇ Ã¥Àº ( ´ëºÎºÐ µ¶ÀϾî·Î ÃâÆÇµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ¿µ¹®¹ø¿ªÆÇµµ ÀÖ´Ù ) INWO, ÀÚ¿¬Àû °æÁ¦Áú¼¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±¹Á¦¿¬ÇÕ ( International
Association for a Natural Economic Order )¿¡¼ ÆÇ¸ÅÇÑ´Ù.
Addresses:
ÁÖ¼Ò:
INWO Switzerland Nussbaumweg 1 CH-8353 Elgg - Switzerland
(Website in German)
INWO Austria Staudingergasse 11 A-1200 Vienna - Austria
INWO Germany Jakobstrasse 54 D-7750 Konstanz - Germany
(Website in German)
Gesell has, besides a reform of the monetary order, proposed a reform of the ordering of land ownership, which would have to be
undertaken in concert with a monetary reform to prevent property speculation from taking the upper hand but which, for reasons of
space, cannot be discussed in the present article.
[ÈÆóÁú¼ÀÇ ÀçÆí¿Ü¿¡µµ, GesellÀº ºÎµ¿»ê¼ÒÀ¯ÀÇ ±ÇÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ »õ·Î¿î Áú¼¸¦ Á¦¾ÈÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ±âµæ±ÇÀÇ Åõ±â¸¦ ¹æÁöÇϱâÀ§ÇØ
ÀçÆíµÇ´Â »õ·Î¿î °æÁ¦Áú¼¿¡¼ ²À °í·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ »çÇ×ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº À̹®°Ç¿¡¼ °ø°£ÀÇ Á¦¾àÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç¾îÁöÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.]
Josef Hasslberger
Rome, Italy
January 1992
Copyright (c) 2001 by Y.W.Kim and All Rights Reserved.